chore(qos): remove verbose diagnostics while retaining trace logs (#16214 )

Update Korean (#16212 )
Update Italian language (#16211 )
2026-09-15 00:41:01 +03:00 · 2026-09-14 17:19:58 +08:00 · 2026-09-14 16:15:55 +08:00 · 2026-09-14 16:15:31 +08:00 · 2026-09-14 14:38:55 +08:00 · 2026-09-14 14:06:03 +08:00
206 changed files with 22967 additions and 1638 deletions
--- a/.github/scripts/sign-macos-app.sh
+++ b/.github/scripts/sign-macos-app.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+app_path=$1
+identity=$2
+entitlements=$3
+
+sign_args=(--force --options runtime --sign "$identity")
+if [[ "$identity" != "-" ]]; then
+  sign_args+=(--timestamp)
+fi
+
+frameworks_path="$app_path/Contents/Frameworks"
+if [[ -d "$frameworks_path" ]]; then
+  while IFS= read -r -d '' code; do
+    if file -b "$code" | grep -q 'Mach-O'; then
+      codesign "${sign_args[@]}" "$code"
+    fi
+  done < <(find "$frameworks_path" -type f -print0)
+
+  while IFS= read -r -d '' framework; do
+    codesign "${sign_args[@]}" "$framework"
+  done < <(find "$frameworks_path" -depth -type d -name '*.framework' -print0)
+fi
+
+service_path="$app_path/Contents/MacOS/service"
+if [[ -f "$service_path" ]]; then
+  codesign "${sign_args[@]}" "$service_path"
+fi
+
+codesign "${sign_args[@]}" --generate-entitlement-der \
+  --entitlements "$entitlements" "$app_path"
+codesign --verify --deep --strict --verbose=2 "$app_path"
+
+actual_entitlements=$(codesign -d --entitlements :- "$app_path" 2>/dev/null)
+audio_input=$(plutil -extract 'com\.apple\.security\.device\.audio-input' raw - \
+  <<<"$actual_entitlements")
+if [[ "$audio_input" != "true" ]]; then
+  echo "Missing com.apple.security.device.audio-input entitlement" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
--- a/.github/workflows/flutter-build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/flutter-build.yml
@@ -374,6 +374,12 @@ jobs:

      - name: Add MSBuild to PATH
        uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@6fb02220983dee41ce7ae257b6f4d8f9bf5ed4ce # v2
+        with:
+          # Select the MSBuild process architecture; -p:Platform sets the MSI target.
+          # Native ARM64 tools give the compiler more address space for PCH files
+          # (C3859/C1076 were reported by HostX86\arm64\CL.exe).
+          # Keep the action's default x86 MSBuild for the existing x64 MSI job.
+          msbuild-architecture: ${{ matrix.job.arch == 'aarch64' && 'arm64' || 'x86' }}

      - name: Build msi
        # Builds the MSI for the matrix arch. res/msi (WiX v4 + native CustomActions) carries
@@ -492,11 +498,20 @@ jobs:
          version: ${{ env.LLVM_VERSION }}

      - name: Install Rust toolchain
-        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@e97e2d8cc328f1b50210efc529dca0028893a2d9 # v1
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly-2023-10-13-${{ matrix.job.target }} # must use nightly here, because of abi_thiscall feature required
-          targets: ${{ matrix.job.target }}
-          components: "rustfmt"
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          # Sciter's abi_thiscall feature requires nightly Rust.
+          # Use an i686 host toolchain so build scripts can load the 32-bit LLVM installed above.
+          # Since rustup 1.29.1, i686 toolchains on x64 Windows require --force-non-host
+          # for both installation and default selection, even though WOW64 can run them.
+          # See https://github.com/rust-lang/rustup/pull/4935.
+          # Alternatively, an x64 compiler could use cargo build --target i686-pc-windows-msvc.
+          # This requires 64-bit LLVM for host build scripts and updated packaging paths,
+          # and has not been manually verified for RustDesk.
+          rustup toolchain install nightly-2023-10-13-${{ matrix.job.target }} \
+            --target ${{ matrix.job.target }} --component rustfmt \
+            --profile minimal --no-self-update --force-non-host
+          rustup default nightly-2023-10-13-${{ matrix.job.target }} --force-non-host

      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@e18b497796c12c097a38f9edb9d0641fb99eee32 # v2
        with:
@@ -926,7 +941,11 @@ jobs:
          security unlock-keychain -p ${{ secrets.MACOS_P12_PASSWORD }} rustdesk.keychain
          # start sign the rustdesk.app and dmg
          rm -rf *.dmg || true
-          codesign --force --options runtime -s ${{ secrets.MACOS_CODESIGN_IDENTITY }} --deep --strict ./flutter/build/macos/Build/Products/Release/RustDesk.app -vvv
+          # the identity secret carries its own shell quoting, so expand it inline like the dmg codesign below
+          bash ./.github/scripts/sign-macos-app.sh \
+            ./flutter/build/macos/Build/Products/Release/RustDesk.app \
+            ${{ secrets.MACOS_CODESIGN_IDENTITY }} \
+            ./flutter/macos/Runner/Release.entitlements
          create-dmg --icon "RustDesk.app" 200 190 --hide-extension "RustDesk.app" --window-size 800 400 --app-drop-link 600 185 rustdesk-${{ env.VERSION }}.dmg ./flutter/build/macos/Build/Products/Release/RustDesk.app
          codesign --force --options runtime -s ${{ secrets.MACOS_CODESIGN_IDENTITY }} --deep --strict rustdesk-${{ env.VERSION }}.dmg -vvv
          # notarize the rustdesk-${{ env.VERSION }}.dmg
@@ -1537,7 +1556,6 @@ jobs:
          submodules: recursive

      - name: Set Swap Space
-        if: ${{ matrix.job.arch == 'x86_64' }}
        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@49819abfb41bd9b44fb781159c033dba90353a7c # v1.0
        with:
          swap-size-gb: 12
@@ -2151,6 +2169,12 @@ jobs:
          echo "Modified vcpkg.json for armv7 build:"
          grep -A 2 -B 2 '"baseline"' vcpkg.json

+      - name: Set Swap Space
+        if: matrix.job.arch == 'armv7'
+        uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@49819abfb41bd9b44fb781159c033dba90353a7c # v1.0
+        with:
+          swap-size-gb: 12
+
      - name: Free Space
        run: |
          df -h
@@ -2295,6 +2319,16 @@ jobs:
            # build rustdesk
            python3 ./res/inline-sciter.py
            export CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0
+            # armv7 is the only 32-bit target in this job that links the whole binary, and the
+            # release profile uses fat LTO with codegen-units=1. LLVM then merges every module
+            # into a single unit and runs past the ~3GB address space a 32-bit process gets,
+            # aborting rustc with "Rust cannot catch foreign exceptions" (a C++ bad_alloc from
+            # LLVM unwinding into rustc's Rust frames). Thin LTO keeps peak memory bounded and
+            # still allows cross-crate inlining; 64-bit targets keep fat LTO untouched.
+            if [ "${{ matrix.job.arch }}" = "armv7" ]; then
+              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_LTO=thin
+              export CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_CODEGEN_UNITS=16
+            fi
            cargo build --locked --features inline${{ matrix.job.extra_features }} --release --bins --jobs 1
            # make debian package
            mkdir -p ./Release
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -8,18 +8,24 @@
 * `src/platform/` platform-specific code
 * `src/ui/` legacy Sciter UI (deprecated)
 * `flutter/` current UI
-* `libs/hbb_common/` config / proto / shared utils
+* `libs/hbb_common/` shared with the server: rendezvous proto, sockets, `Config` core
+* `libs/base/` (crate `base`) client-only: option keys, message proto, file transfer, platform code
 * `libs/scrap/` screen capture
 * `libs/enigo/` input control
 * `libs/clipboard/` clipboard
-* `libs/hbb_common/src/config.rs` all options
+* `libs/base/src/config/keys.rs` the single import path for all options

 ### Key Components
 - **Remote Desktop Protocol**: Custom protocol implemented in `src/rendezvous_mediator.rs` for communicating with rustdesk-server
 - **Screen Capture**: Platform-specific screen capture in `libs/scrap/`
 - **Input Handling**: Cross-platform input simulation in `libs/enigo/`
 - **Audio/Video Services**: Real-time audio/video streaming in `src/server/`
- **File Transfer**: Secure file transfer implementation in `libs/hbb_common/`
+- **File Transfer**: Secure file transfer implementation in `libs/base/src/fs.rs`
+
+`hbb_common` is a git submodule shared with the server, so changing it costs a
+round-trip. Put client-only code in `libs/base` instead; it is a normal
+workspace member. `base::config::keys` re-exports the handful of keys
+`hbb_common` still reads, so callers get the whole set from that one path.

 ### UI Architecture
 - **Legacy UI**: Sciter-based (deprecated) - files in `src/ui/`
@@ -61,6 +67,34 @@
 * Do not make formatting-only changes.
 * Keep naming/style consistent with nearby code.

+### Imports
+
+* One `use` per crate. Everything a file takes from the same crate goes in a
+  single braced block, not one statement per item:
+
+  ```rust
+  // no
+  use base::fs;
+  use base::message_proto::*;
+
+  // yes
+  use base::{fs, message_proto::*};
+  ```
+
+* The only reason to split is a `#[cfg(...)]` that does not apply to the whole
+  block -- an attribute binds to one item, so a differently-gated import has to
+  stand on its own. A `pub use` re-export likewise cannot join a plain `use`.
+
+  ```rust
+  #[cfg(not(feature = "flutter"))]
+  use base::fs;
+  use base::message_proto::*;
+  ```
+
+* When splitting an existing `use` because some of its items moved to another
+  crate, fold each side into that crate's existing block rather than leaving a
+  second statement behind.
+
 ### Comments

 * Avoid comments unless they explain a non-obvious reason, constraint, or workaround.
@@ -74,6 +108,25 @@
 * Accept a little duplication over a restructure. A new function that repeats a few lines of an existing one is a better diff than reshaping the original so both can share it.
 * Put new logic in self-contained functions in the module it belongs to (platform-specific logic in `src/platform/`, with `use` inside the function body to avoid churning shared import blocks). Call sites in shared files (`src/tray.rs`, `src/core_main.rs`, `src/server/connection.rs`, …) should be thin one-line hooks.

+### Scope check before touching shared code
+
+* Before changing a shared trait, a shared struct, or the signature of a widely used function, check whether the bug or feature is specific to one path. If it is, keep the change inside that path unless that is impossible, and say in the PR why it was.
+* If an unrelated caller needs `Default::default()`, `None`, or another placeholder solely to satisfy a signature you changed, the diff is too broad: stop and redesign.
+* The expected shape of a fix is a new function in the feature's own module, plus at most a new field or a thin hook in the shared code it needs. Feature-specific state belongs beside the feature's existing state, not in a new abstraction every caller has to learn.
+
+### Mandatory regression-surface check
+
+Before considering any implementation complete, perform a minimization pass over the final diff.
+
+* Inspect every modified existing file and every modified existing code path. Each must be strictly necessary for the requested change. Revert changes that are merely cleanup, refactoring, consistency improvements, or fixes for pre-existing issues.
+* For new features, preserve the existing implementation path when the feature is disabled or unsupported whenever practical. `feature off` should run the old code, not a rewritten equivalent.
+* Do not route existing behavior through a new abstraction merely to share code with the new feature. Prefer a parallel new function or a small amount of duplication over changing a proven existing path.
+* Keep new implementation logic in new or feature-specific modules. Changes to shared/core files should normally be thin hooks, capability checks, or protocol plumbing.
+* Do not fix unrelated pre-existing bugs in the same PR. Put them in a separate change unless they directly block correctness or security of the requested work.
+* For submodule bumps, inspect the exact commit range and ensure unrelated changes are not being pulled into the parent PR.
+* Before finalizing, explicitly report the regression surface: list the existing files and existing runtime paths whose behavior changed, and explain why each change is unavoidable.
+* During review, treat an unnecessarily modified legacy path as a review finding even if tests pass and the rewritten behavior appears equivalent.
+
 ## Reviewing a PR

 * Review only what the diff introduces. Verify ownership with `gh pr diff` before reporting a finding — if the offending lines are untouched context, it is a pre-existing problem, not this PR's.
@@ -88,6 +141,7 @@ Each file is a `HashMap<key, translation>`. Layout:
 * `template.rs` is the master list of every key. **Never edit it** as part of translation work.
 * `en.rs` holds only the keys whose English display text differs from the key itself.
 * Every other file (`de.rs`, `fr.rs`, …) carries the full key set; an untranslated entry has an empty value: `("key", "")`.
+* `it.rs` is maintained by hand by its translator. Never fill or change its entries; when adding new keys, append them to it with `""` and leave the translation to the maintainer.

 ### Finding the English source for a key

@@ -109,4 +163,4 @@ Then translate that source into the file's target language (infer the language f

 * New English-text keys use sentence case, not Title Case: `Use ID whitelisting`, **not** `Use ID Whitelisting`. Acronyms (ID, IP, 2FA…) stay uppercase. Legacy Title-Case keys (e.g. `Use IP Whitelisting`) stay as-is — do not rename them.
 * Since the key itself is the English display text, a sentence-case key usually needs **no** `en.rs` entry; add one only when the display text must differ from the key (e.g. `*_tip` keys).
-* Append each new key to `template.rs` (with `""`) and to every `src/lang/*.rs` file (translated, or `""` if unsure), at the end of the list.
+* Append each new key to `template.rs` (with `""`) and to every `src/lang/*.rs` file (translated, or `""` if unsure; always `""` for `it.rs`), at the end of the list.
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -648,6 +648,30 @@ dependencies = [
 "rustc-demangle",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "base"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "backtrace",
+ "bytes",
+ "filetime",
+ "hbb_common",
+ "lazy_static",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "osascript",
+ "protobuf",
+ "protobuf-codegen",
+ "serde 1.0.228",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json 1.0.118",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0",
+ "tokio",
+ "users",
+ "winapi 0.3.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "base16ct"
 version = "0.2.0"
@@ -753,24 +777,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.98",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "bindgen"
-version = "0.71.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f58bf3d7db68cfbac37cfc485a8d711e87e064c3d0fe0435b92f7a407f9d6b3"
-dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.9.1",
- "cexpr",
- "clang-sys",
- "itertools 0.12.1",
- "proc-macro2 1.0.93",
- "quote 1.0.36",
- "regex",
- "rustc-hash 2.1.1",
- "shlex",
- "syn 2.0.98",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bindgen"
 version = "0.72.1"
@@ -979,9 +985,9 @@ checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"

 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
-version = "1.10.1"
+version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d71b6127be86fdcfddb610f7182ac57211d4b18a3e9c82eb2d17662f2227ad6a"
+checksum = "1e748733b7cbc798e1434b6ac524f0c1ff2ab456fe201501e6497c8417a4fc33"
 dependencies = [
 "serde 1.0.228",
 ]
@@ -1161,30 +1167,6 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"

-[[package]]
-name = "chacha20"
-version = "0.9.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3613f74bd2eac03dad61bd53dbe620703d4371614fe0bc3b9f04dd36fe4e818"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "cipher",
- "cpufeatures",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "chacha20poly1305"
-version = "0.10.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "10cd79432192d1c0f4e1a0fef9527696cc039165d729fb41b3f4f4f354c2dc35"
-dependencies = [
- "aead",
- "chacha20",
- "cipher",
- "poly1305",
- "zeroize",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
 version = "0.4.41"
@@ -1234,7 +1216,6 @@ checksum = "773f3b9af64447d2ce9850330c473515014aa235e6a783b02db81ff39e4a3dad"
 dependencies = [
 "crypto-common",
 "inout",
- "zeroize",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1294,6 +1275,7 @@ checksum = "a1d728cc89cf3aee9ff92b05e62b19ee65a02b5702cff7d5a377e32c6ae29d8d"
 name = "clipboard"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "base",
 "cacao",
 "cc",
 "dashmap 5.5.3",
@@ -1735,7 +1717,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "cpal"
 version = "0.15.3"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/cpal?branch=osx-screencapturekit#6b374bcaed076750ca8fce6da518ab39b882e14a"
+source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/cpal?branch=osx-screencapturekit#69ad2578adc9200093fc81cdfbdad63dbc4274f9"
 dependencies = [
 "alsa",
 "cidre",
@@ -1809,9 +1791,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-epoch"
-version = "0.9.18"
+version = "0.9.20"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5b82ac4a3c2ca9c3460964f020e1402edd5753411d7737aa39c3714ad1b5420e"
+checksum = "2d6914041f254d6e9176c01941b21115dcfb7089e55135a35411081bd106ef3f"
 dependencies = [
 "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
@@ -2324,7 +2306,7 @@ version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "330c60081dcc4c72131f8eb70510f1ac07223e5d4163db481a04a0befcffa412"
 dependencies = [
- "libloading 0.8.4",
+ "libloading 0.7.4",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -2442,42 +2424,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "linux-raw-sys 0.6.5",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "dtls"
-version = "0.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f531dd7c181beaf3cebab3716afa4d0d41ab888be85232583f56bbaf07ca208a"
-dependencies = [
- "aes",
- "aes-gcm",
- "async-trait",
- "bincode",
- "byteorder",
- "cbc",
- "ccm",
- "chacha20poly1305",
- "der-parser",
- "hmac",
- "log",
- "p256",
- "p384",
- "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
- "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "rcgen",
- "ring",
- "rustls",
- "sec1",
- "serde 1.0.228",
- "sha1",
- "sha2",
- "thiserror 1.0.61",
- "tokio",
- "webrtc-util",
- "x25519-dalek",
- "x509-parser",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "dtoa"
 version = "0.4.8"
@@ -2556,6 +2502,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "enigo"
 version = "0.0.14"
 dependencies = [
+ "base",
 "core-graphics 0.22.3",
 "hbb_common",
 "libxdo-sys",
@@ -2863,7 +2810,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "is-terminal",
 "lazy_static",
 "log",
- "nu-ansi-term 0.49.0",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
 "regex",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 ]
@@ -3743,7 +3690,6 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "async-recursion",
- "backtrace",
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "bytes",
 "chrono",
@@ -3754,7 +3700,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "dirs-next",
 "dlopen",
 "env_logger 0.11.6",
- "filetime",
 "flexi_logger",
 "futures",
 "futures-util",
@@ -3765,7 +3710,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "log",
 "mac_address",
 "machine-uid",
- "osascript",
+ "percent-encoding",
 "protobuf",
 "protobuf-codegen",
 "rand 0.8.5",
@@ -3777,7 +3722,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_derive",
 "serde_json 1.0.118",
 "sha2",
- "smithay-client-toolkit 0.20.0",
 "socket2 0.3.19",
 "sodiumoxide",
 "sysinfo",
@@ -3796,7 +3740,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "webpki-roots 1.0.9",
 "webrtc",
 "whoami",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
 "x11 2.21.0",
 "zstd",
 ]
@@ -4177,16 +4120,15 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "interceptor"
-version = "0.15.0"
+version = "0.14.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ea51375727680dc15f06e8ad90fa31df75d79dd030100e8ad60eef1c27fe2c98"
+checksum = "1ac0781c825d602095113772e389ef0607afcb869ae0e68a590d8e0799cdcef8"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "bytes",
- "futures",
 "log",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "rtcp",
 "rtp",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
@@ -4338,11 +4280,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "kcp-sys"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/kcp-sys#32a6c09fc6223f54aea83981a6aa8995931d29be"
+source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/kcp-sys?branch=rustdesk-patches#938eda3e5e9757a612385503af7a6cb1189b2cdd"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "auto_impl",
- "bindgen 0.71.1",
+ "bindgen 0.72.1",
 "bitflags 2.9.1",
 "bytes",
 "cc",
@@ -4353,8 +4295,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "thiserror 2.0.17",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-util",
- "tracing",
- "tracing-subscriber",
 "zerocopy 0.7.34",
 ]

@@ -4488,7 +4428,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e310b3a6b5907f99202fcdb4960ff45b93735d7c7d96b760fcff8db2dc0e103d"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -5210,16 +5150,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "winapi 0.3.9",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.46.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "77a8165726e8236064dbb45459242600304b42a5ea24ee2948e18e023bf7ba84"
-dependencies = [
- "overload",
- "winapi 0.3.9",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "nu-ansi-term"
 version = "0.49.0"
@@ -5883,12 +5813,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde_json 1.0.118",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "overload"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b15813163c1d831bf4a13c3610c05c0d03b39feb07f7e09fa234dac9b15aaf39"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "owned_ttf_parser"
 version = "0.25.1"
@@ -6277,17 +6201,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "poly1305"
-version = "0.8.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8159bd90725d2df49889a078b54f4f79e87f1f8a8444194cdca81d38f5393abf"
-dependencies = [
- "cpufeatures",
- "opaque-debug",
- "universal-hash",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "polyval"
 version = "0.6.2"
@@ -6583,9 +6496,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "quinn-proto"
-version = "0.11.13"
+version = "0.11.15"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1906b49b0c3bc04b5fe5d86a77925ae6524a19b816ae38ce1e426255f1d8a31"
+checksum = "4fcb935c5bec503c2f0e306bdd3e58bb9029dcb14fa8d9ac76e3a5256ac0763e"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "getrandom 0.3.2",
@@ -7094,9 +7007,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "rtcp"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "81d30d1c4091644431c22acf9f8be6191b56805e0e977f15ca7104b4a6d6eaec"
+checksum = "e9689528bf3a9eb311fd938d05516dd546412f9ce4fffc8acfc1db27cc3dbf72"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
@@ -7105,14 +7018,14 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "rtp"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2f126f38ea84c02480e32e547c1459a939052f74fb92117ac3eef23fdac6b023"
+checksum = "c54733451a67d76caf9caa07a7a2cec6871ea9dda92a7847f98063d459200f4b"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "memchr",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "serde 1.0.228",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 "webrtc-util",
@@ -7184,6 +7097,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "arboard",
 "async-process",
 "async-trait",
+ "base",
 "bytemuck",
 "bytes",
 "cc",
@@ -7225,6 +7139,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "lazy_static",
 "libpulse-binding",
 "libpulse-simple-binding",
+ "libsamplerate-sys",
 "libxdo-sys",
 "mac_address",
 "magnum-opus",
@@ -7267,6 +7182,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "terminfo",
 "termios 0.3.3",
 "tiny-skia",
+ "tokio",
 "totp-rs",
 "tray-icon",
 "ttf-parser",
@@ -7503,6 +7419,7 @@ name = "scrap"
 version = "0.5.0"
 dependencies = [
 "android_logger",
+ "base",
 "bindgen 0.72.1",
 "block",
 "cfg-if 1.0.0",
@@ -7547,11 +7464,11 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "sdp"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "32c374dceda16965d541c8800ce9cc4e1c14acfd661ddf7952feeedc3411e5c6"
+checksum = "4cd277015eada44a0bb810a4b84d3bf6e810573fa62fb442f457edf6a1087a69"
 dependencies = [
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "substring",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 "url",
@@ -7781,15 +7698,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "tzdb 0.5.10",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "sharded-slab"
-version = "0.1.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f40ca3c46823713e0d4209592e8d6e826aa57e928f09752619fc696c499637f6"
-dependencies = [
- "lazy_static",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "shared_library"
 version = "0.1.9"
@@ -8129,15 +8037,15 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "stun"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a512c5d501e3e3b5a4bb3e8e31462d56d54a66b95a28b8596e14422bf21c32b"
+checksum = "7dbc2bab375524093c143dc362a03fb6a1fb79e938391cdb21665688f88a088a"
 dependencies = [
 "base64 0.22.1",
 "crc",
 "lazy_static",
 "md-5",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "ring",
 "subtle",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
@@ -8519,16 +8427,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "syn 2.0.98",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "thread_local"
-version = "1.1.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8b9ef9bad013ada3808854ceac7b46812a6465ba368859a37e2100283d2d719c"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if 1.0.0",
- "once_cell",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "threadpool"
 version = "1.8.1"
@@ -8908,32 +8806,6 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b9d12581f227e93f094d3af2ae690a574abb8a2b9b7a96e7cfe9647b2b617678"
 dependencies = [
 "once_cell",
- "valuable",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-log"
-version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
-dependencies = [
- "log",
- "once_cell",
- "tracing-core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-subscriber"
-version = "0.3.19"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e8189decb5ac0fa7bc8b96b7cb9b2701d60d48805aca84a238004d665fcc4008"
-dependencies = [
- "nu-ansi-term 0.46.0",
- "sharded-slab",
- "smallvec",
- "thread_local",
- "tracing-core",
- "tracing-log",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -9048,9 +8920,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "turn"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ed995882f66ab94238de77c62e5e778389698ab700afa4696f4754da8f457cb"
+checksum = "3f5aea1116456e1da71c45586b87c72e3b43164fbf435eb93ff6aa475416a9a4"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "base64 0.22.1",
@@ -9058,7 +8930,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "log",
 "md-5",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "ring",
 "stun",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
@@ -9184,12 +9056,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "unic-common",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "unicase"
-version = "2.8.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "75b844d17643ee918803943289730bec8aac480150456169e647ed0b576ba539"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-bidi"
 version = "0.3.15"
@@ -9335,12 +9201,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "bindgen 0.65.1",
 ]

-[[package]]
-name = "valuable"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ba73ea9cf16a25df0c8caa16c51acb937d5712a8429db78a3ee29d5dcacd3a65"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "vcpkg"
 version = "0.2.15"
@@ -9724,25 +9584,26 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc"
-version = "0.14.0"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "08fd686c0920ac08f3a57eacc48e31f0e4ca1ffefba4478784606f78c14e83ad"
+checksum = "24bab7195998d605c862772f90a452ba655b90a2f463c850ac032038890e367a"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
 "bytes",
- "dtls",
+ "cfg-if 1.0.0",
 "hex",
 "interceptor",
 "lazy_static",
 "log",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "rcgen",
 "regex",
 "ring",
 "rtcp",
 "rtp",
+ "rustls",
 "sdp",
 "serde 1.0.228",
 "serde_json 1.0.118",
@@ -9750,12 +9611,13 @@ dependencies = [
 "smol_str",
 "stun",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
+ "time 0.3.36",
 "tokio",
 "turn",
- "unicase",
 "url",
 "waitgroup",
 "webrtc-data",
+ "webrtc-dtls",
 "webrtc-ice",
 "webrtc-mdns",
 "webrtc-media",
@@ -9766,9 +9628,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-data"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "062a5438d63bb0756a221693d76cc0dd6119affee1dfdfe57abe3a2a8c8b3eea"
+checksum = "4e97b932854da633a767eff0cc805425a2222fc6481e96f463e57b015d949d1d"
 dependencies = [
 "bytes",
 "log",
@@ -9780,17 +9642,54 @@ dependencies = [
 ]

 [[package]]
-name = "webrtc-ice"
-version = "0.14.0"
+name = "webrtc-dtls"
+version = "0.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "69cb13fd1a373e68addc4bba0c8ca058627518e54342583d024bdcbb8ae5d97d"
+checksum = "5ccbe4d9049390ab52695c3646c1395c877e16c15fb05d3bda8eee0c7351711c"
+dependencies = [
+ "aes",
+ "aes-gcm",
+ "async-trait",
+ "bincode",
+ "byteorder",
+ "cbc",
+ "ccm",
+ "der-parser",
+ "hkdf",
+ "hmac",
+ "log",
+ "p256",
+ "p384",
+ "portable-atomic",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "rcgen",
+ "ring",
+ "rustls",
+ "sec1",
+ "serde 1.0.228",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "subtle",
+ "thiserror 1.0.61",
+ "tokio",
+ "webrtc-util",
+ "x25519-dalek",
+ "x509-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "webrtc-ice"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "eb51bde0d790f109a15bfe4d04f1b56fb51d567da231643cb3f21bb74d678997"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
 "crc",
 "log",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "serde 1.0.228",
 "serde_json 1.0.118",
 "stun",
@@ -9806,9 +9705,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-mdns"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.9.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a17279a067e75df72ce923fdeb7f04cd808f6f5aa4910dc6bcb4fbe66b396ace"
+checksum = "979cc85259c53b7b620803509d10d35e2546fa505d228850cbe3f08765ea6ea8"
 dependencies = [
 "log",
 "socket2 0.5.10",
@@ -9819,22 +9718,21 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-media"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "94a84c910fec0848fd5a0d8a5651e0ddbdedaf25a7d3ae3f0b15f71ac73a1773"
+checksum = "80041211deccda758a3e19aa93d6b10bc1d37c9183b519054b40a83691d13810"
 dependencies = [
 "byteorder",
 "bytes",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "rtp",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 ]

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-sctp"
-version = "0.13.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f985465467d8910c1f8ac4382cd64f83b1f6a1a75021a82b221546f6fb3b856f"
+version = "0.12.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/webrtc?rev=db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27#db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27"
 dependencies = [
 "arc-swap",
 "async-trait",
@@ -9842,7 +9740,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "crc",
 "log",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 "tokio",
 "webrtc-util",
@@ -9850,9 +9748,9 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-srtp"
-version = "0.16.0"
+version = "0.15.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "66d8cdc33413f1d0192670a80ce93d17cb78d57fe3a2414be30d6f6dff121123"
+checksum = "01e773f79b09b057ffbda6b03fe7b43403b012a240cf8d05d630674c3723b5bb"
 dependencies = [
 "aead",
 "aes",
@@ -9873,19 +9771,19 @@ dependencies = [

 [[package]]
 name = "webrtc-util"
-version = "0.12.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d1c0c7e0c8f280f2bbfae442701465777ac07adaf46ce0c5863cd58e13fe472a"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "git+https://github.com/rustdesk-org/webrtc?rev=db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27#db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27"
 dependencies = [
 "async-trait",
 "bitflags 1.3.2",
 "bytes",
 "ipnet",
 "lazy_static",
+ "libc",
 "log",
 "nix 0.26.4",
 "portable-atomic",
- "rand 0.9.2",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
 "thiserror 1.0.61",
 "tokio",
 "winapi 0.3.9",
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ path = "src/service.rs"

 [features]
 inline = []
-use_samplerate = ["samplerate"]
+use_samplerate = ["samplerate", "libsamplerate-sys"]
 use_rubato = ["rubato"]
 use_dasp = ["dasp"]
 flutter = ["flutter_rust_bridge"]
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ screencapturekit = ["cpal/screencapturekit"]
 [dependencies]
 async-trait = "0.1"
 scrap = { path = "libs/scrap", features = ["wayland"] }
-hbb_common = { path = "libs/hbb_common" }
+hbb_common = { path = "libs/hbb_common", features = ["webrtc"] }
+base = { path = "libs/base" }
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ magnum-opus = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/magnum-opus" }
 dasp = { version = "0.11", features = ["signal", "interpolate-linear", "interpolate"], optional = true }
 rubato = { version = "0.12", optional = true }
 samplerate = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+libsamplerate-sys = { version = "0.1.12", optional = true }
 uuid = { version = "1.3", features = ["v4"] }
 num_cpus = "1.15"
 bytes = { version = "1.4", features = ["serde"] }
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ fon = "0.6"
 shutdown_hooks = "0.1"
 totp-rs = { version = "5.4", default-features = false, features = ["gen_secret", "otpauth"] }
 stunclient = "0.4"
-kcp-sys= { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/kcp-sys"}
+kcp-sys= { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/kcp-sys", branch = "rustdesk-patches" }
 reqwest = { version = "0.12", features = ["blocking", "socks", "json", "native-tls", "rustls-tls", "rustls-tls-native-roots", "gzip", "zstd"], default-features=false }

 [target.'cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))'.dependencies]
@@ -208,13 +210,29 @@ jni = "0.21"
 android-wakelock = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/android-wakelock" }

 [workspace]
-members = ["libs/scrap", "libs/hbb_common", "libs/enigo", "libs/clipboard", "libs/virtual_display", "libs/virtual_display/dylib", "libs/portable", "libs/remote_printer"]
+members = ["libs/scrap", "libs/hbb_common", "libs/base", "libs/enigo", "libs/clipboard", "libs/virtual_display", "libs/virtual_display/dylib", "libs/portable", "libs/remote_printer"]
 exclude = ["vdi/host"]

 # Patch libxdo-sys to use a stub implementation that doesn't require libxdo
 # This allows building and running on systems without libxdo installed (e.g., Wayland-only)
 [patch.crates-io]
 libxdo-sys = { path = "libs/libxdo-sys-stub" }
+# One branch off upstream v0.13.0, the tag whose crate versions match this stack.
+# webrtc-util: reads the Windows adapter list's IPv6 addresses as host-order u16 groups, so every
+# one comes out byte-swapped, fails to bind, and ICE gathers no IPv6 host candidate on Windows.
+# webrtc-sctp: RFC 4960's 1s RTO floor makes a single loss cost 1-3s on a link whose RTT is 24-64ms,
+# and fast retransmit cannot cover a request/response exchange; INITIAL_MTU 1228 also fragments on
+# IPv6; and its AIMD pins a lossy long-haul link to MSS/(RTT*sqrt(p)), so a switch sends without
+# a congestion window, as KCP does - on by default, `allow-webrtc-congestion-control` opts back in.
+# Sending that way, a reordering window keeps a chunk that is merely late from being resent on a
+# path that jitters, every DATA chunk asks for its SACK at once so a lost tail is back within an
+# RTT at KCP's RTO floors, and bundles of small chunks stay within the MTU. A T3-rtx resends
+# everything outstanding when it packs into four packets and otherwise probes with one and lets
+# the SACK settle the rest (F-RTO), timed from the latest send, so a stall no longer resends the
+# whole backlog behind itself while a short lost tail still comes back at once.
+# Pinned by rev, not branch: a fork branch can be rewritten out from under the lockfile.
+webrtc-util = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/webrtc", rev = "db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27" }
+webrtc-sctp = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/webrtc", rev = "db3b07a9dd8f195916c89c2e62a8911402b11d27" }

 [package.metadata.winres]
 LegalCopyright = "Copyright © 2026 Purslane Tech Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved."
@@ -234,6 +252,7 @@ os-version = "0.2"
 [dev-dependencies]
 hound = "3.5"
 docopt = "1.1"
+tokio = { version = "1.44", features = ["test-util"] }

 [package.metadata.bundle]
 name = "RustDesk"
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM debian:bullseye-slim
+FROM debian:trixie-slim

 WORKDIR /
 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -158,7 +158,8 @@ Please ensure that you run these commands from the root of the RustDesk reposito

 ## File Structure

- **[libs/hbb_common](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/hbb_common)**: video codec, config, tcp/udp wrapper, protobuf, fs functions for file transfer, and some other utility functions
+- **[libs/hbb_common](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/hbb_common)**: video codec, config, tcp/udp wrapper, and some other utility functions shared with the server
+- **[libs/base](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/base)**: protobuf, fs functions for file transfer, keyboard and platform code used only by this app
 - **[libs/scrap](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/scrap)**: screen capture
 - **[libs/enigo](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/enigo)**: platform specific keyboard/mouse control
 - **[libs/clipboard](https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/tree/master/libs/clipboard)**: file copy and paste implementation for Windows, Linux, macOS.
--- a/build.rs
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ fn build_manifest() {
    }
 }

+// bionic only exports getifaddrs()/freeifaddrs() from API 24, while the jniLibs
+// are built against the API 21 sysroot (flutter/ndk_*.sh). webrtc-util calls
+// them, so without this the android link fails on undefined symbols.
+fn build_android_ifaddrs() {
+    let file = "src/platform/android_ifaddrs.c";
+    cc::Build::new().file(file).compile("android_ifaddrs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed={}", file);
+}
+
 fn install_android_deps() {
    let target_os = std::env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap();
    if target_os != "android" {
@@ -89,5 +98,8 @@ fn main() {
        build_mac();
        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=framework=ApplicationServices");
    }
+    if target_os == "android" {
+        build_android_ifaddrs();
+    }
    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
 }
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/es-ES/full_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/es-ES/full_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Aplicación de escritorio remoto de código abierto, la alternativa open source a TeamViewer.
+Código fuente: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk
+Documentación: https://rustdesk.com/docs/en/manual/mobile/
+
+Para que un dispositivo remoto controle tu Android mediante el ratón o el tacto, debes permitir que RustDesk utilice el servicio de "Accesibilidad". RustDesk utiliza la API AccessibilityService para implementar el control remoto en Android.
+
+Además del control remoto, también puedes transferir archivos fácilmente entre dispositivos Android y ordenadores mediante RustDesk.
+
+Tienes control total de tus datos, sin preocupaciones de seguridad. Puedes utilizar nuestro servidor rendezvous/relay, optar por el autoalojamiento o escribir tu propio servidor rendezvous/relay. El servidor autoalojado es gratuito y de código abierto: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk-server
+
+Descarga e instala la versión de escritorio desde: https://rustdesk.com — entonces podrás acceder y controlar tu ordenador desde tu teléfono, o controlar tu teléfono desde tu ordenador.
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/es-ES/short_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/es-ES/short_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Aplicación de acceso remoto de código abierto, alternativa a TeamViewer.
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/it-IT/full_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/it-IT/full_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Applicazione open source per desktop remoto, l'alternativa open source a TeamViewer.
+Codice sorgente: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk
+Documentazione: https://rustdesk.com/docs/it/client/android/
+
+Per consentire a un dispositivo remoto di controllare il tuo Android tramite mouse o tocco, devi permettere a RustDesk di utilizzare il servizio "Accessibilità". RustDesk utilizza l'API AccessibilityService per implementare il controllo remoto su Android.
+
+Oltre al controllo remoto, puoi anche trasferire facilmente file tra dispositivi Android e PC con RustDesk.
+
+Hai il controllo totale dei tuoi dati, senza preoccupazioni per la sicurezza. Puoi usare il nostro server rendezvous/relay, optare per l'hosting autonomo, o scrivere il tuo server rendezvous/relay. Il server auto-ospitato è gratuito e open source: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk-server
+
+Scarica e installa la versione per desktop da: https://rustdesk.com — potrai quindi accedere e controllare il tuo computer dal cellulare, o controllare il tuo cellulare dal computer.
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/it-IT/short_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/it-IT/short_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+App open source per desktop remoto, alternativa a TeamViewer.
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/pt-BR/full_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/pt-BR/full_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Aplicativo de desktop remoto de código aberto, a alternativa open source ao TeamViewer.
+Código-fonte: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk
+Documentação: https://rustdesk.com/docs/pt/client/android/
+
+Para que um dispositivo remoto controle seu Android via mouse ou toque, você precisa permitir que o RustDesk utilize o serviço de "Acessibilidade". O RustDesk usa a API AccessibilityService para implementar o controle remoto no Android.
+
+Além do controle remoto, você também pode transferir arquivos entre dispositivos Android e PCs com facilidade usando o RustDesk.
+
+Você tem controle total dos seus dados, sem preocupações com a segurança. Você pode usar nosso servidor rendezvous/relay, optar pela auto-hospedagem ou criar seu próprio servidor de rendezvous/relay. O servidor auto-hospedado é gratuito e open source: https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk-server
+
+Baixe e instale a versão para desktop em: https://rustdesk.com — então você poderá acessar e controlar seu computador pelo celular ou controlar seu celular pelo computador.
--- a/fastlane/metadata/android/pt-BR/short_description.txt
+++ b/fastlane/metadata/android/pt-BR/short_description.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Aplicativo de acesso remoto open source, alternativa ao TeamViewer.
--- a/flutter/android/app/build.gradle
+++ b/flutter/android/app/build.gradle
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ android {
    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'

-        main.proto.srcDirs += '../../../libs/hbb_common/protos'
+        main.proto.srcDirs += '../../../libs/base/protos'
        main.proto.includes += "message.proto"
    }

--- a/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/AudioRecordHandle.kt
+++ b/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/AudioRecordHandle.kt
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:
    private var minBufferSize = 0
    private var audioRecordStat = false
    private var audioThread: Thread? = null
+    private var playbackCapturePending = false

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    fun createAudioRecorder(inVoiceCall: Boolean, mediaProjection: MediaProjection?): Boolean {
@@ -193,6 +194,17 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:
        return audioRecorder?.audioSource == MediaRecorder.AudioSource.VOICE_COMMUNICATION
    }

+    fun getVoiceCallStartError(): String {
+        return if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
+            context,
+            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
+        ) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            "To start a voice call, enable \"Audio capture\" on the \"Screen share\" page."
+        } else {
+            "Failed to start voice call."
+        }
+    }
+
    fun onVoiceCallStarted(mediaProjection: MediaProjection?): Boolean {
        if (!isSupportVoiceCall()) {
            return false
@@ -220,6 +232,7 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:
            if (it.getAudioSource() == MediaRecorder.AudioSource.VOICE_COMMUNICATION) {
                return true
            }
+            playbackCapturePending = true
        }
        audioRecordStat = false
        audioThread?.join()
@@ -234,11 +247,10 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
    fun switchOutVoiceCall(mediaProjection: MediaProjection?): Boolean {
-        audioRecorder?.let {
-            if (it.getAudioSource() != MediaRecorder.AudioSource.VOICE_COMMUNICATION) {
-                return true
-            }
+        if (!isVoiceCallActive() && !playbackCapturePending) {
+            return true
        }
+        playbackCapturePending = true
        audioRecordStat = false
        audioThread?.join()

@@ -246,7 +258,11 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:
            Log.e(logTag, "createAudioRecorder fail")
            return false
        }
-        return startAudioRecorder()
+        val started = startAudioRecorder()
+        if (started) {
+            playbackCapturePending = false
+        }
+        return started
    }

    fun tryReleaseAudio() {
@@ -256,6 +272,7 @@ class AudioRecordHandle(private var context: Context, private var isVideoStart:
        audioRecordStat = false
        audioThread?.join()
        audioThread = null
+        playbackCapturePending = false
    }

    fun destroy() {
--- a/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/MainActivity.kt
+++ b/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/MainActivity.kt
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {
            flutterMethodChannel?.invokeMethod("msgbox", mapOf(
                "type" to "custom-nook-nocancel-hasclose-error",
                "title" to "Voice call",
-                "text" to "Failed to start voice call."))
+                "text" to audioRecordHandle.getVoiceCallStartError()))
        } else {
            Log.d(logTag, "onVoiceCallStarted success")
        }
--- a/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/MainService.kt
+++ b/flutter/android/app/src/main/kotlin/com/carriez/flutter_hbb/MainService.kt
@@ -153,19 +153,13 @@ class MainService : Service() {
                        } else {
                            if (!switchOutVoiceCall()) {
                                Log.e(logTag, "switchOutVoiceCall fail")
-                                MainActivity.flutterMethodChannel?.invokeMethod("msgbox", mapOf(
-                                    "type" to "custom-nook-nocancel-hasclose-error",
-                                    "title" to "Voice call",
-                                    "text" to "Failed to switch out voice call."))
+                                showVoiceCallError("Failed to switch out voice call.")
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (!switchToVoiceCall()) {
                            Log.e(logTag, "switchToVoiceCall fail")
-                            MainActivity.flutterMethodChannel?.invokeMethod("msgbox", mapOf(
-                                "type" to "custom-nook-nocancel-hasclose-error",
-                                "title" to "Voice call",
-                                "text" to "Failed to switch to voice call."))
+                            showVoiceCallError(audioRecordHandle.getVoiceCallStartError())
                        }
                    }
                } catch (e: JSONException) {
@@ -507,6 +501,15 @@ class MainService : Service() {
        }
    }

+    private fun showVoiceCallError(message: String) {
+        Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post {
+            MainActivity.flutterMethodChannel?.invokeMethod("msgbox", mapOf(
+                "type" to "custom-nook-nocancel-hasclose-error",
+                "title" to "Voice call",
+                "text" to message))
+        }
+    }
+
    @Synchronized
    private fun startMicrophoneCapture(startAudio: () -> Boolean): Boolean {
        if (!setMicrophoneForegroundService(true)) {
--- a/flutter/lib/common.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/common.dart
@@ -1633,7 +1633,8 @@ String bool2option(String option, bool b) {
  String res;
  if (option.startsWith('enable-') &&
      option != kOptionEnableUdpPunch &&
-      option != kOptionEnableIpv6Punch) {
+      option != kOptionEnableIpv6Punch &&
+      option != kOptionEnableWebrtc) {
    res = b ? defaultOptionYes : 'N';
  } else if (option.startsWith('allow-') ||
      option == kOptionStopService ||
--- a/flutter/lib/common/widgets/overlay.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/common/widgets/overlay.dart
@@ -606,6 +606,9 @@ class QualityMonitor extends StatelessWidget {
                      _row(
                          "Codec", qualityMonitorModel.data.codecFormat ?? '-'),
                      _row("Chroma", qualityMonitorModel.data.chroma ?? '-'),
+                      if (qualityMonitorModel.webrtcTransport != null)
+                        _row("Transport",
+                            qualityMonitorModel.webrtcTransport!),
                    ],
                  ),
                )
--- a/flutter/lib/common/widgets/setting_widgets.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/common/widgets/setting_widgets.dart
@@ -244,11 +244,38 @@ List<(String, String)> otherDefaultSettings() {
        kKeyUseAllMyDisplaysForTheRemoteSession
      ),
    ('Keep terminal sessions on disconnect', kOptionTerminalPersistent),
+    (
+      'Allow terminal apps to copy to clipboard',
+      kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite
+    ),
  ];

  return v;
 }

+String getOtherDefaultSettingOption(String key) {
+  if (key == kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite) {
+    return bind.mainGetLocalOption(key: key);
+  }
+  return bind.mainGetUserDefaultOption(key: key);
+}
+
+Future<void> setOtherDefaultSettingOption(String key, String value) {
+  if (key == kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite) {
+    return bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+      key: key,
+      value: value == kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed
+          ? kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed
+          : kTerminalClipboardWriteDenied,
+    );
+  }
+  return bind.mainSetUserDefaultOption(key: key, value: value);
+}
+
+bool isOtherDefaultSettingReadOnly(String key) =>
+    isOptionFixed(key) ||
+    (key == kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite && bind.isDisableSettings());
+
 class TrackpadSpeedWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  final SimpleWrapper<int> value;
  // If null, no debouncer will be applied.
--- a/flutter/lib/consts.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/consts.dart
@@ -115,6 +115,11 @@ const String kOptionEnableAudio = "enable-audio";
 const String kOptionEnableCamera = "enable-camera";
 const String kOptionEnableTerminal = "enable-terminal";
 const String kOptionTerminalPersistent = "terminal-persistent";
+const String kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite =
+    "allow-terminal-clipboard-write";
+const String kTerminalClipboardWriteUnconfigured = "";
+const String kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed = "Y";
+const String kTerminalClipboardWriteDenied = "N";
 const String kOptionEnableTunnel = "enable-tunnel";
 const String kOptionEnableRemoteRestart = "enable-remote-restart";
 const String kOptionEnableBlockInput = "enable-block-input";
@@ -159,6 +164,7 @@ const String kOptionPeerTabVisible = "peer-tab-visible";
 const String kOptionPeerCardUiType = "peer-card-ui-type";
 const String kOptionCurrentAbName = "current-ab-name";
 const String kOptionEnableConfirmClosingTabs = "enable-confirm-closing-tabs";
+const String kOptionEnablePortForwardMux = "enable-port-forward-mux";
 const String kOptionAllowAlwaysSoftwareRender = "allow-always-software-render";
 const String kOptionEnableCheckUpdate = "enable-check-update";
 const String kOptionAllowAutoUpdate = "allow-auto-update";
@@ -166,10 +172,13 @@ const String kOptionAllowRemoveWallpaper = "allow-remove-wallpaper";
 const String kOptionStopService = "stop-service";
 const String kOptionDirectxCapture = "enable-directx-capture";
 const String kOptionAllowRemoteCmModification = "allow-remote-cm-modification";
+const String kOptionEnableTcpPunch = "enable-tcp-punch";
 const String kOptionEnableUdpPunch = "enable-udp-punch";
 const String kOptionEnableIpv6Punch = "enable-ipv6-punch";
 const String kOptionAllowSyncClipboardBetweenSessions =
    "allow-sync-clipboard-between-sessions";
+const String kOptionEnableWebrtc = "enable-webrtc";
+const String kOptionRelayFallbackDelay = "relay-fallback-delay";
 const String kOptionEnableTrustedDevices = "enable-trusted-devices";
 const String kOptionShowVirtualMouse = "show-virtual-mouse";
 const String kOptionVirtualMouseScale = "virtual-mouse-scale";
--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/connection_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/connection_page.dart
@@ -330,12 +330,14 @@ class _ConnectionPageState extends State<ConnectionPage>
  void onConnect(
      {bool isFileTransfer = false,
      bool isViewCamera = false,
-      bool isTerminal = false}) {
+      bool isTerminal = false,
+      bool isTcpTunneling = false}) {
    var id = _idController.id;
    connect(context, id,
        isFileTransfer: isFileTransfer,
        isViewCamera: isViewCamera,
-        isTerminal: isTerminal);
+        isTerminal: isTerminal,
+        isTcpTunneling: isTcpTunneling);
  }

  /// UI for the remote ID TextField.
@@ -568,6 +570,14 @@ class _ConnectionPageState extends State<ConnectionPage>
                                      '${translate('Terminal')} (beta)',
                                      () => onConnect(isTerminal: true)
                                    ),
+                                    // `connect` routes this through the
+                                    // desktop path only; the peer card gates
+                                    // it the same way.
+                                    if (isDesktop)
+                                      (
+                                        'TCP tunneling',
+                                        () => onConnect(isTcpTunneling: true)
+                                      ),
                                  ]
                                      .map((e) => MenuEntryButton<String>(
                                            childBuilder: (TextStyle? style) =>
--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/desktop_setting_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/desktop_setting_page.dart
@@ -509,6 +509,15 @@ class _GeneralState extends State<_General> {
          kOptionOpenNewConnInTabs,
          isServer: false,
        ),
+        Tooltip(
+          message: translate('port-forward-mux-tip'),
+          child: _OptionCheckBox(
+            context,
+            'Reuse one connection for port forwarding',
+            kOptionEnablePortForwardMux,
+            isServer: false,
+          ),
+        ),
        // though this is related to GUI, but opengl problem affects all users, so put in config rather than local
        if (isLinux)
          Tooltip(
@@ -563,6 +572,12 @@ class _GeneralState extends State<_General> {
          kOptionDirectxCapture,
        ),
      if (!isWeb && !incomingOnly) ...[
+        _OptionCheckBox(
+          context,
+          'Enable TCP hole punching',
+          kOptionEnableTcpPunch,
+          isServer: false,
+        ),
        _OptionCheckBox(
          context,
          'Enable UDP hole punching',
@@ -575,6 +590,9 @@ class _GeneralState extends State<_General> {
          kOptionEnableIpv6Punch,
          isServer: false,
        ),
+      ],
+      if (!incomingOnly) ...webrtcOptions(context),
+      if (!isWeb && !incomingOnly)
        Tooltip(
          message: translate('sync-clipboard-between-sessions-tip'),
          child: _OptionCheckBox(
@@ -584,7 +602,6 @@ class _GeneralState extends State<_General> {
            isServer: false,
          ),
        ),
-      ],
    ];

    // Add client-side wakelock option for desktop platforms
@@ -864,6 +881,85 @@ class _GeneralState extends State<_General> {
      ).marginOnly(left: _kContentHMargin);
    });
  }
+
+  // How long an already-connected relay is held back to give the direct WebRTC
+  // attempt a chance to win. It only means anything while WebRTC is on, so it
+  // follows the checkbox as an indented sub-option and is hidden outright when
+  // the box is clear — the shape `directIp` uses for its port.
+  List<Widget> webrtcOptions(BuildContext context) {
+    final stored = bind.mainGetLocalOption(key: kOptionRelayFallbackDelay);
+    final controller = TextEditingController(text: stored);
+    // What the field holds against what is saved. Apply is offered only while
+    // the two differ, so an untouched field shows no button at all, and neither
+    // does one typed back to its saved value or cleared when nothing was saved
+    // — the state an "edited" flag alone would still call dirty.
+    final typed = RxString(stored);
+    final saved = RxString(stored);
+    return [
+      _OptionCheckBox(
+        context,
+        'Enable WebRTC P2P connection',
+        kOptionEnableWebrtc,
+        isServer: false,
+        update: (_) => setState(() {}),
+      ),
+      () {
+        final enabled = mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableWebrtc);
+        final isOptFixed = isOptionFixed(kOptionRelayFallbackDelay);
+        return Offstage(
+          offstage: !enabled,
+          child: Tooltip(
+            message: translate('relay-fallback-delay-tip'),
+            child: _SubLabeledWidget(
+              context,
+              'Relay fallback delay in seconds',
+              Row(children: [
+                SizedBox(
+                  width: 95,
+                  child: TextField(
+                    controller: controller,
+                    enabled: enabled && !isOptFixed,
+                    onChanged: (v) => typed.value = v,
+                    inputFormatters: [
+                      // Seconds, at most one decimal. Clearing the field is
+                      // allowed and restores the built-in default.
+                      FilteringTextInputFormatter.allow(
+                          RegExp(r'^([0-9]|[1-9][0-9])(\.[0-9]?)?$')),
+                    ],
+                    decoration: const InputDecoration(
+                      hintText: '2.5',
+                      contentPadding:
+                          EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 12, horizontal: 12),
+                    ),
+                  ).workaroundFreezeLinuxMint().marginOnly(right: 15),
+                ),
+                Obx(() => Offstage(
+                      offstage: typed.value.trim() == saved.value.trim(),
+                      child: ElevatedButton(
+                        onPressed: enabled &&
+                                !isOptFixed &&
+                                !typed.value.trim().endsWith('.') &&
+                                double.tryParse(typed.value.trim()) != 0
+                            ? () async {
+                                final v = controller.text.trim();
+                                await bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+                                    key: kOptionRelayFallbackDelay, value: v);
+                                if (controller.text != v) controller.text = v;
+                                typed.value = v;
+                                saved.value = v;
+                              }
+                            : null,
+                        child: Text(translate('Apply')),
+                      ),
+                    ))
+              ]),
+              enabled: enabled && !isOptFixed,
+            ),
+          ),
+        );
+      }(),
+    ];
+  }
 }

 enum _AccessMode {
@@ -2080,14 +2176,13 @@ class _DisplayState extends State<_Display> {
  }

  Widget otherRow(String label, String key) {
-    final value = bind.mainGetUserDefaultOption(key: key) == 'Y';
-    final isOptFixed = isOptionFixed(key);
+    final value = getOtherDefaultSettingOption(key) == 'Y';
+    final isOptFixed = isOtherDefaultSettingReadOnly(key);
    onChanged(bool b) async {
-      await bind.mainSetUserDefaultOption(
-          key: key,
-          value: b
-              ? 'Y'
-              : (key == kOptionEnableFileCopyPaste ? 'N' : defaultOptionNo));
+      await setOtherDefaultSettingOption(
+        key,
+        b ? 'Y' : (key == kOptionEnableFileCopyPaste ? 'N' : defaultOptionNo),
+      );
      setState(() {});
    }

--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {
    required this.tabKey,
    this.forceRelay,
    this.connToken,
+    this.onClipboardWriteBlocked,
+    this.onClipboardWriteSucceeded,
  }) : super(key: key);
  final String id;
  final String? password;
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {
  final bool? forceRelay;
  final bool? isSharedPassword;
  final String? connToken;
+  final ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteBlocked;
+  final ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteSucceeded;
  final int terminalId;

  /// Tab key for focus management, passed from parent to avoid duplicate construction
@@ -71,6 +75,8 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>

    // Create terminal model with specific terminal ID
    _terminalModel = TerminalModel(_ffi, widget.terminalId);
+    _terminalModel.onClipboardWriteBlocked = widget.onClipboardWriteBlocked;
+    _terminalModel.onClipboardWriteSucceeded = widget.onClipboardWriteSucceeded;
    debugPrint(
        '[TerminalPage] Terminal model created for terminal ${widget.terminalId}');

--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import 'dart:async';
 import 'dart:convert';

 import 'package:desktop_multi_window/desktop_multi_window.dart';
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/state_model.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/desktop/widgets/tabbar_widget.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/utils/multi_window_manager.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/model.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/terminal_copy_shortcut.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/terminal_model.dart';
 import 'package:get/get.dart';

 import '../../models/platform_model.dart';
@@ -19,6 +22,12 @@ import '../widgets/material_mod_popup_menu.dart' as mod_menu;
 import '../widgets/popup_menu.dart';
 import 'package:bot_toast/bot_toast.dart';

+typedef _TerminalClipboardSource = ({
+  String peerId,
+  int terminalId,
+  String tabKey,
+});
+
 class TerminalTabPage extends StatefulWidget {
  final Map<String, dynamic> params;

@@ -30,6 +39,18 @@ class TerminalTabPage extends StatefulWidget {

 class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
  DesktopTabController get tabController => Get.find<DesktopTabController>();
+  bool get _canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission =>
+      canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission(
+        settingsDisabled: bind.isDisableSettings(),
+        optionFixed: isOptionFixed(kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite),
+      );
+  bool get _canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest =>
+      canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest(
+        localOption: bind.mainGetLocalOption(
+          key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+        ),
+        canConfigurePermission: _canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission,
+      );

  static const IconData selectedIcon = Icons.terminal;
  static const IconData unselectedIcon = Icons.terminal_outlined;
@@ -38,6 +59,9 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
  final Set<String> _closingTabs = {};
  // When true, all session cleanup should persist (window-level close in progress)
  bool _windowClosing = false;
+  CancelFunc? _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel;
+  final _terminalClipboardNotice =
+      TerminalClipboardNoticeCoordinator<_TerminalClipboardSource>();

  _TerminalTabPageState(Map<String, dynamic> params) {
    Get.put(DesktopTabController(tabType: DesktopTabType.terminal));
@@ -45,7 +69,10 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
      WindowController.fromWindowId(windowId())
          .setTitle(getWindowNameWithId(id));
    };
-    tabController.onRemoved = (_, id) => onRemoveId(id);
+    tabController.onRemoved = (_, id) {
+      _closeTerminalClipboardNoticeForTab(id);
+      onRemoveId(id);
+    };
    tabController.onCloseWindow = _closeWindowFromConnection;
    final terminalId = params['terminalId'] ?? _nextTerminalId++;
    tabController.add(_createTerminalTab(
@@ -70,6 +97,11 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
    final alias = bind.mainGetPeerOptionSync(id: peerId, key: 'alias');
    final tabLabel =
        alias.isNotEmpty ? '$alias #$terminalId' : '$peerId #$terminalId';
+    final clipboardSource = (
+      peerId: peerId,
+      terminalId: terminalId,
+      tabKey: tabKey,
+    );
    return TabInfo(
      key: tabKey,
      label: tabLabel,
@@ -86,10 +118,169 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
        tabController: tabController,
        forceRelay: forceRelay,
        connToken: connToken,
+        onClipboardWriteBlocked: _canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest
+            ? (text) => _handleTerminalClipboardWriteBlocked(
+                  clipboardSource,
+                  text,
+                )
+            : null,
+        onClipboardWriteSucceeded: (_) {
+          _handleTerminalClipboardWriteSucceeded(clipboardSource);
+        },
      ),
    );
  }

+  void _handleTerminalClipboardWriteBlocked(
+    _TerminalClipboardSource source,
+    String clipboardText,
+  ) {
+    if (!mounted) return;
+    final option = bind.mainGetLocalOption(
+      key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+    );
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.recordBlocked(
+      source: source,
+      text: clipboardText,
+      option: option,
+      canWrite: _canWriteTerminalClipboard,
+    );
+    if (request != null) _showTerminalClipboardNotice(request);
+  }
+
+  void _showTerminalClipboardNotice(
+    TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<_TerminalClipboardSource> request,
+  ) {
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel = BotToast.showCustomNotification(
+      duration: null,
+      enableSlideOff: false,
+      onlyOne: true,
+      onClose: _handleTerminalClipboardNoticeClosed,
+      toastBuilder: (_) => AnimatedBuilder(
+        animation: _terminalClipboardNotice,
+        builder: (_, __) => MaterialBanner(
+          leading: const Icon(Icons.content_copy_outlined),
+          content: Text(translate(kTerminalClipboardNoticeMessageKey)),
+          actions: [
+            TextButton(
+              onPressed: _terminalClipboardNotice.canClaimAction
+                  ? _handleTerminalClipboardNegativeAction
+                  : null,
+              child: Text(translate(request.negativeActionKey)),
+            ),
+            TextButton(
+              onPressed: _terminalClipboardNotice.canClaimAction
+                  ? _handleTerminalClipboardPositiveAction
+                  : null,
+              child: Text(translate(request.actionKey)),
+            ),
+          ],
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardNegativeAction() {
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.claimCurrentAction();
+    if (request == null) return;
+    if (request.persistAllowed) {
+      unawaited(_declineTerminalClipboardWrite());
+    } else {
+      _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardPositiveAction() {
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.claimCurrentAction();
+    if (request == null) return;
+    unawaited(_completeTerminalClipboardWrite(request));
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardNoticeClosed() {
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel = null;
+    _terminalClipboardNotice.noticeClosed();
+  }
+
+  bool _canWriteTerminalClipboard(
+    _TerminalClipboardSource source,
+  ) {
+    if (!_canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest) return false;
+    final ffi = TerminalConnectionManager.getExistingConnection(source.peerId);
+    return ffi != null &&
+        !ffi.closed &&
+        ffi.ffiModel.permissions['clipboard'] != false &&
+        tabController.state.value.tabs.any((tab) => tab.key == source.tabKey) &&
+        ffi.terminalModels.containsKey(source.terminalId);
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardWriteSucceeded(
+    _TerminalClipboardSource source,
+  ) {
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.currentForSource(source);
+    if (request == null) return;
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _declineTerminalClipboardWrite() async {
+    try {
+      await bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+        key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+        value: kTerminalClipboardWriteDenied,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint(
+          '[TerminalTabPage] Failed to save terminal clipboard permission: $error');
+      return;
+    } finally {
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.releaseAction();
+    }
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _completeTerminalClipboardWrite(
+    TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<_TerminalClipboardSource> request,
+  ) async {
+    final source = request.source;
+    var completed = false;
+    try {
+      completed = await completeTerminalClipboardWrite(
+        clipboardText: request.text,
+        canWrite: () => _canWriteTerminalClipboard(source),
+        writeClipboard: writeTerminalClipboard,
+        persistAllowed: request.persistAllowed
+            ? () => bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+                  key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+                  value: kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed,
+                )
+            : null,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint(
+          '[TerminalTabPage] Failed to complete terminal clipboard write: $error');
+    } finally {
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.releaseAction();
+    }
+    if (!completed) return;
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  void _closeTerminalClipboardNoticeForTab(String tabKey) {
+    final current = _terminalClipboardNotice.current;
+    if (current?.source.tabKey != tabKey) return;
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  void _closeTerminalClipboardNotice() {
+    if (!_terminalClipboardNotice.beginClose()) return;
+    final cancel = _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel;
+    if (cancel == null) {
+      debugPrint('[TerminalTabPage] Clipboard notice controller is missing');
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.noticeClosed();
+      return;
+    }
+    cancel();
+  }
+
  /// Unified tab close handler for all close paths (button, shortcut, programmatic).
  /// Shows audit dialog, cleans up session if not persistent, then removes the UI tab.
  Future<void> _closeTab(String tabKey) async {
@@ -147,6 +338,8 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
    // Remove all UI tabs immediately (same instant behavior as the old tabController.clear())
    // Keep the cleanup target lookup below synchronous before its first await:
    // it relies on the current frame still retaining each TerminalPage's FFI/model.
+    _terminalClipboardNotice.clear();
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel?.call();
    tabController.clear();
    // Run session cleanup in parallel with bounded timeout (closeTerminal() has internal 3s timeout).
    // Skip tabs already being closed by a concurrent _closeTab() to avoid duplicate FFI calls.
@@ -357,6 +550,8 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
  @override
  void dispose() {
    HardwareKeyboard.instance.removeHandler(_handleKeyEvent);
+    _terminalClipboardNotice.clear();
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeCancel?.call();
    super.dispose();
  }

--- a/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/remote_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/remote_page.dart
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class _RemotePageState extends State<RemotePage> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
    // `on_voice_call_closed` should be called when the connection is ended.
    // The inner logic of `on_voice_call_closed` will check if the voice call is active.
    // Only one client is considered here for now.
-    gFFI.chatModel.onVoiceCallClosed("End connetion");
+    gFFI.chatModel.onVoiceCallClosed("End connection");
  }

  @override
--- a/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/settings_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/settings_page.dart
@@ -97,10 +97,12 @@ class _SettingsState extends State<SettingsPage> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
  var _hideNetwork = false;
  var _hideWebSocket = false;
  var _enableTrustedDevices = false;
+  var _enableTcpPunch = false;
  var _enableUdpPunch = false;
  var _allowInsecureTlsFallback = false;
  var _disableUdp = false;
  var _enableIpv6Punch = false;
+  var _enableWebrtc = false;
  var _isUsingPublicServer = false;
  var _allowAskForNoteAtEndOfConnection = false;
  var _preventSleepWhileConnected = true;
@@ -141,8 +143,10 @@ class _SettingsState extends State<SettingsPage> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
        bind.mainGetBuildinOption(key: kOptionHideWebSocketSetting) == 'Y' ||
            isWeb;
    _enableTrustedDevices = mainGetBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableTrustedDevices);
+    _enableTcpPunch = mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableTcpPunch);
    _enableUdpPunch = mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableUdpPunch);
    _enableIpv6Punch = mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch);
+    _enableWebrtc = mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableWebrtc);
    _allowAskForNoteAtEndOfConnection =
        mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionAllowAskForNoteAtEndOfConnection);
    _preventSleepWhileConnected =
@@ -815,31 +819,65 @@ class _SettingsState extends State<SettingsPage> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
                      });
                    },
            ),
+          if (!incomingOnly)
+            SettingsTile.switchTile(
+              title: Text(translate('Enable TCP hole punching')),
+              initialValue: _enableTcpPunch,
+              onToggle: isOptionFixed(kOptionEnableTcpPunch)
+                  ? null
+                  : (v) async {
+                      await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableTcpPunch, v);
+                      final newValue =
+                          mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableTcpPunch);
+                      setState(() {
+                        _enableTcpPunch = newValue;
+                      });
+                    },
+            ),
          if (!incomingOnly)
            SettingsTile.switchTile(
              title: Text(translate('Enable UDP hole punching')),
              initialValue: _enableUdpPunch,
-              onToggle: (v) async {
-                await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableUdpPunch, v);
-                final newValue =
-                    mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableUdpPunch);
-                setState(() {
-                  _enableUdpPunch = newValue;
-                });
-              },
+              onToggle: isOptionFixed(kOptionEnableUdpPunch)
+                  ? null
+                  : (v) async {
+                      await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableUdpPunch, v);
+                      final newValue =
+                          mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableUdpPunch);
+                      setState(() {
+                        _enableUdpPunch = newValue;
+                      });
+                    },
            ),
          if (!incomingOnly)
            SettingsTile.switchTile(
              title: Text(translate('Enable IPv6 P2P connection')),
              initialValue: _enableIpv6Punch,
-              onToggle: (v) async {
-                await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch, v);
-                final newValue =
-                    mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch);
-                setState(() {
-                  _enableIpv6Punch = newValue;
-                });
-              },
+              onToggle: isOptionFixed(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch)
+                  ? null
+                  : (v) async {
+                      await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch, v);
+                      final newValue =
+                          mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableIpv6Punch);
+                      setState(() {
+                        _enableIpv6Punch = newValue;
+                      });
+                    },
+            ),
+          if (!incomingOnly)
+            SettingsTile.switchTile(
+              title: Text(translate('Enable WebRTC P2P connection')),
+              initialValue: _enableWebrtc,
+              onToggle: isOptionFixed(kOptionEnableWebrtc)
+                  ? null
+                  : (v) async {
+                      await mainSetLocalBoolOption(kOptionEnableWebrtc, v);
+                      final newValue =
+                          mainGetLocalBoolOptionSync(kOptionEnableWebrtc);
+                      setState(() {
+                        _enableWebrtc = newValue;
+                      });
+                    },
            ),
          SettingsTile(
              title: Text(translate('Language')),
@@ -1269,16 +1307,18 @@ class __DisplayPageState extends State<_DisplayPage> {
  }

  SettingsTile otherRow(String label, String key) {
-    final value = bind.mainGetUserDefaultOption(key: key) == 'Y';
-    final isOptFixed = isOptionFixed(key);
+    final value = getOtherDefaultSettingOption(key) == 'Y';
+    final isOptFixed = isOtherDefaultSettingReadOnly(key);
    return SettingsTile.switchTile(
      initialValue: value,
      title: Text(translate(label)),
      onToggle: isOptFixed
          ? null
          : (b) async {
-              await bind.mainSetUserDefaultOption(
-                  key: key, value: b ? 'Y' : defaultOptionNo);
+              await setOtherDefaultSettingOption(
+                key,
+                b ? 'Y' : defaultOptionNo,
+              );
              setState(() {});
            },
    );
--- a/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/terminal_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/terminal_page.dart
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/model.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/platform_model.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/terminal_copy_shortcut.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/terminal_model.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/terminal_mouse_handler.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/mobile/terminal_keyboard_utils.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/web/dummy.dart'
    if (dart.library.html) 'package:flutter_hbb/web/terminal_font.dart';
@@ -19,6 +20,49 @@ import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';
 import '../../desktop/pages/terminal_connection_manager.dart';
 import '../../consts.dart';

+const _terminalBackgroundOpacity = 0.7;
+
+Widget _buildTerminalViewForPlatform({
+  required bool reportMouseInput,
+  required bool reportTouchInput,
+  required Terminal terminal,
+  required TerminalController controller,
+  required TerminalStyle textStyle,
+  required EdgeInsets padding,
+  required bool deleteDetection,
+  required Map<ShortcutActivator, Intent>? shortcuts,
+  required FocusOnKeyEventCallback onKeyEvent,
+  required void Function(TapDownDetails, CellOffset) onSecondaryTapDown,
+}) {
+  if (reportMouseInput || reportTouchInput) {
+    return TerminalMouseInteraction(
+      terminal,
+      controller: controller,
+      autofocus: true,
+      textStyle: textStyle,
+      deleteDetection: deleteDetection,
+      reportTouchInput: reportTouchInput,
+      shortcuts: shortcuts,
+      onKeyEvent: onKeyEvent,
+      backgroundOpacity: _terminalBackgroundOpacity,
+      padding: padding,
+      onSecondaryTapDown: onSecondaryTapDown,
+    );
+  }
+  return TerminalView(
+    terminal,
+    controller: controller,
+    autofocus: true,
+    textStyle: textStyle,
+    deleteDetection: deleteDetection,
+    shortcuts: shortcuts,
+    onKeyEvent: onKeyEvent,
+    backgroundOpacity: _terminalBackgroundOpacity,
+    padding: padding,
+    onSecondaryTapDown: onSecondaryTapDown,
+  );
+}
+
 class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {
  const TerminalPage({
    Key? key,
@@ -41,6 +85,19 @@ class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {

 class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
    with AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin, WidgetsBindingObserver {
+  bool get _canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission =>
+      canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission(
+        settingsDisabled: bind.isDisableSettings(),
+        optionFixed: isOptionFixed(kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite),
+      );
+  bool get _canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest =>
+      canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest(
+        localOption: bind.mainGetLocalOption(
+          key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+        ),
+        canConfigurePermission: _canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission,
+      );
+
  late FFI _ffi;
  late TerminalModel _terminalModel;
  double? _cellHeight;
@@ -57,6 +114,9 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
  // For iOS edge swipe gesture
  double _swipeStartX = 0;
  double _swipeCurrentX = 0;
+  ScaffoldFeatureController<MaterialBanner, MaterialBannerClosedReason>?
+      _terminalClipboardNoticeController;
+  final _terminalClipboardNotice = TerminalClipboardNoticeCoordinator<int>();

  // For web only.
  // 'monospace' does not work on web, use Google Fonts, `??` is only for null safety.
@@ -89,6 +149,12 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>

    // Create terminal model with specific terminal ID
    _terminalModel = TerminalModel(_ffi, widget.terminalId);
+    if (_canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest) {
+      _terminalModel.onClipboardWriteBlocked =
+          _handleTerminalClipboardWriteBlocked;
+      _terminalModel.onClipboardWriteSucceeded =
+          _handleTerminalClipboardWriteSucceeded;
+    }
    debugPrint(
        '[TerminalPage] Terminal model created for terminal ${widget.terminalId}');

@@ -134,12 +200,144 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
    _ffi.ffiModel.updateEventListener(_ffi.sessionId, widget.id);
  }

+  void _handleTerminalClipboardWriteBlocked(String clipboardText) {
+    if (!mounted) return;
+    final option = bind.mainGetLocalOption(
+      key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+    );
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.recordBlocked(
+      source: widget.terminalId,
+      text: clipboardText,
+      option: option,
+      canWrite: (_) => _canWriteTerminalClipboard,
+    );
+    if (request != null) _showTerminalClipboardNotice(request);
+  }
+
+  void _showTerminalClipboardNotice(
+    TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<int> request,
+  ) {
+    final controller = ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showMaterialBanner(
+      MaterialBanner(
+        leading: const Icon(Icons.content_copy_outlined),
+        content: Text(translate(kTerminalClipboardNoticeMessageKey)),
+        actions: [
+          AnimatedBuilder(
+            animation: _terminalClipboardNotice,
+            builder: (_, __) => TextButton(
+              onPressed: _terminalClipboardNotice.canClaimAction
+                  ? _handleTerminalClipboardNegativeAction
+                  : null,
+              child: Text(translate(request.negativeActionKey)),
+            ),
+          ),
+          AnimatedBuilder(
+            animation: _terminalClipboardNotice,
+            builder: (_, __) => TextButton(
+              onPressed: _terminalClipboardNotice.canClaimAction
+                  ? _handleTerminalClipboardPositiveAction
+                  : null,
+              child: Text(translate(request.actionKey)),
+            ),
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeController = controller;
+    unawaited(controller.closed.then<void>((_) {
+      if (identical(_terminalClipboardNoticeController, controller)) {
+        _terminalClipboardNoticeController = null;
+        _terminalClipboardNotice.noticeClosed();
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardNegativeAction() {
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.claimCurrentAction();
+    if (request == null) return;
+    if (request.persistAllowed) {
+      unawaited(_declineTerminalClipboardWrite());
+    } else {
+      _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardPositiveAction() {
+    final request = _terminalClipboardNotice.claimCurrentAction();
+    if (request == null) return;
+    unawaited(_completeTerminalClipboardWrite(request));
+  }
+
+  bool get _canWriteTerminalClipboard =>
+      _canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest &&
+      !_ffi.closed &&
+      _ffi.ffiModel.permissions['clipboard'] != false;
+
+  void _handleTerminalClipboardWriteSucceeded(String _) {
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _declineTerminalClipboardWrite() async {
+    try {
+      await bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+        key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+        value: kTerminalClipboardWriteDenied,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint(
+          '[TerminalPage] Failed to save terminal clipboard permission: $error');
+      return;
+    } finally {
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.releaseAction();
+    }
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _completeTerminalClipboardWrite(
+    TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<int> request,
+  ) async {
+    var completed = false;
+    try {
+      completed = await completeTerminalClipboardWrite(
+        clipboardText: request.text,
+        canWrite: () => _canWriteTerminalClipboard,
+        writeClipboard: writeTerminalClipboard,
+        persistAllowed: request.persistAllowed
+            ? () => bind.mainSetLocalOption(
+                  key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite,
+                  value: kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed,
+                )
+            : null,
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint(
+          '[TerminalPage] Failed to complete terminal clipboard write: $error');
+    } finally {
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.releaseAction();
+    }
+    if (!completed) return;
+    _closeTerminalClipboardNotice();
+  }
+
+  void _closeTerminalClipboardNotice() {
+    if (!_terminalClipboardNotice.beginClose()) return;
+    final controller = _terminalClipboardNoticeController;
+    if (controller == null) {
+      debugPrint('[TerminalPage] Clipboard notice controller is missing');
+      _terminalClipboardNotice.noticeClosed();
+      return;
+    }
+    controller.close();
+  }
+
  @override
  void dispose() {
    // Unregister terminal model from FFI
    _ffi.unregisterTerminalModel(widget.terminalId);
    _terminalModel.dispose();
    _keyboardDebounce?.cancel();
+    _terminalClipboardNotice.clear();
+    _terminalClipboardNoticeController?.close();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    super.dispose();
    TerminalConnectionManager.releaseConnection(widget.id);
@@ -234,12 +432,12 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
              child: LayoutBuilder(
                builder: (context, constraints) {
                  final heightPx = constraints.maxHeight;
-                  return TerminalView(
-                    _terminalModel.terminal,
+                  return _buildTerminalViewForPlatform(
+                    reportMouseInput: isWebDesktop || isAndroid,
+                    reportTouchInput: isIOS,
+                    terminal: _terminalModel.terminal,
                    controller: _terminalModel.terminalController,
-                    autofocus: true,
                    textStyle: _getTerminalStyle(),
-                    backgroundOpacity: 0.7,
                    // The following comment is from xterm.dart source code:
                    // Workaround to detect delete key for platforms and IMEs that do not
                    // emit a hardware delete event. Preferred on mobile platforms. [false] by
--- a/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/view_camera_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/mobile/pages/view_camera_page.dart
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class _ViewCameraPageState extends State<ViewCameraPage>
    // `on_voice_call_closed` should be called when the connection is ended.
    // The inner logic of `on_voice_call_closed` will check if the voice call is active.
    // Only one client is considered here for now.
-    gFFI.chatModel.onVoiceCallClosed("End connetion");
+    gFFI.chatModel.onVoiceCallClosed("End connection");
  }

  @override
--- a/flutter/lib/models/model.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/model.dart
@@ -896,9 +896,13 @@ class FfiModel with ChangeNotifier {
    final text = evt['text'];
    final link = evt['link'];

+    // The peer-gone detector reconnects under `restarting-show` rather than an error title, so
+    // it needs naming here too. By its own title, not the type: an explicitly restarted remote
+    // device reaches the same type from a path this change does not touch.
    if (isAndroid &&
        _androidDocumentPickerActive &&
-        title == 'Connection Error') {
+        (title == 'Connection Error' ||
+            (type == 'restarting-show' && title == 'Connecting...'))) {
      _androidDocumentPickerInterruptedConnection = true;
      return;
    }
@@ -3597,6 +3601,18 @@ class QualityMonitorModel with ChangeNotifier {
  bool get show => _show;
  QualityMonitorData get data => _data;

+  // Only a WebRTC session on the web names its transport here: web has no
+  // session tab to show it on (the desktop tab's tooltip already does), and
+  // WebRTC is the one path that can be direct or TURN.
+  String? get webrtcTransport {
+    if (!isWeb) return null;
+    final ffiModel = parent.target?.ffiModel;
+    if (ffiModel == null) return null;
+    final streamType = ffiModel.cachedPeerData.streamType;
+    if (!streamType.startsWith('WebRTC')) return null;
+    return ffiModel.direct == false ? '$streamType (TURN)' : streamType;
+  }
+
  checkShowQualityMonitor(SessionID sessionId) async {
    final show = await bind.sessionGetToggleOption(
            sessionId: sessionId, arg: 'show-quality-monitor') ==
--- a/flutter/lib/models/rustdesk_terminal.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/rustdesk_terminal.dart
@@ -1,7 +1,108 @@
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:convert';
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';

+enum TerminalClipboardWritePermission { denied, unconfigured, allowed }
+
 class RustDeskTerminal extends Terminal {
-  RustDeskTerminal({super.maxLines});
+  RustDeskTerminal({
+    super.maxLines,
+    required TerminalClipboardWritePermission Function()
+        clipboardWritePermission,
+    required Future<bool> Function(String) onClipboardWrite,
+    ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteBlocked,
+    ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteSucceeded,
+  })  : _clipboardWritePermission = clipboardWritePermission,
+        _onClipboardWrite = onClipboardWrite,
+        _onClipboardWriteBlocked = onClipboardWriteBlocked,
+        _onClipboardWriteSucceeded = onClipboardWriteSucceeded {
+    onPrivateOSC = _handlePrivateOsc;
+  }
+
+  static const _clipboardOscCode = '52';
+  static const _systemClipboardSelection = 'c';
+  // Match the terminal helper's existing payload safety ceiling.
+  static const _maxClipboardWriteBytes = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+  static const _base64InputBytesPerBlock = 3;
+  static const _base64EncodedCharsPerBlock = 4;
+  static final _osc52Selection = RegExp(r'^[cpqs0-7]*$');
+  final TerminalClipboardWritePermission Function() _clipboardWritePermission;
+  final Future<bool> Function(String) _onClipboardWrite;
+  final ValueChanged<String>? _onClipboardWriteBlocked;
+  final ValueChanged<String>? _onClipboardWriteSucceeded;
+
+  bool get isClipboardWriteAllowed =>
+      _clipboardWritePermission() == TerminalClipboardWritePermission.allowed;
+
+  void _handlePrivateOsc(String code, List<String> args) {
+    if (code != _clipboardOscCode) return;
+    if (args.length != 2 || !_osc52Selection.hasMatch(args.first)) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected malformed OSC 52 command');
+      return;
+    }
+    if (args.last == '?') {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected OSC 52 clipboard query');
+      return;
+    }
+    final permission = _clipboardWritePermission();
+    if (permission == TerminalClipboardWritePermission.denied) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected unauthorized OSC 52 write');
+      return;
+    }
+    final selection = args.first;
+    if (selection.isNotEmpty &&
+        !selection.contains(_systemClipboardSelection)) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Ignored unsupported OSC 52 selection');
+      return;
+    }
+    if (selection.replaceAll(_systemClipboardSelection, '').isNotEmpty) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Ignored unsupported OSC 52 selections');
+    }
+    final text = _decodeClipboardPayload(args.last);
+    if (text == null) return;
+    if (permission == TerminalClipboardWritePermission.unconfigured) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Blocked OSC 52 write pending consent');
+      _onClipboardWriteBlocked?.call(text);
+      return;
+    }
+    unawaited(_writeClipboard(text));
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _writeClipboard(String text) async {
+    final succeeded = await _onClipboardWrite(text);
+    if (succeeded) {
+      _onClipboardWriteSucceeded?.call(text);
+      return;
+    }
+    debugPrint(
+        '[RustDeskTerminal] OSC 52 clipboard write requires interaction');
+    _onClipboardWriteBlocked?.call(text);
+  }
+
+  String? _decodeClipboardPayload(String payload) {
+    if (payload.length > _maxBase64EncodedLength(_maxClipboardWriteBytes)) {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected oversized OSC 52 payload');
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      final bytes = base64.decode(payload);
+      if (bytes.length > _maxClipboardWriteBytes) {
+        debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected oversized OSC 52 payload');
+        return null;
+      }
+      return utf8.decode(bytes);
+    } on FormatException {
+      debugPrint('[RustDeskTerminal] Rejected malformed OSC 52 payload');
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  static int _maxBase64EncodedLength(int maxBytes) =>
+      ((maxBytes + _base64InputBytesPerBlock - 1) ~/
+          _base64InputBytesPerBlock) *
+      _base64EncodedCharsPerBlock;

  @override
  void eraseScrollbackOnly() {
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_clipboard_writer.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_clipboard_writer.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
+
+Future<bool> writeTerminalClipboardPlatform(
+  String text, {
+  bool userInitiated = false,
+}) async {
+  try {
+    await Clipboard.setData(ClipboardData(text: text));
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to write clipboard: $error');
+    return false;
+  }
+}
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_clipboard_writer_web.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_clipboard_writer_web.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import 'dart:js_interop';
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+
+const _writeTerminalClipboardCommand = 'write_terminal_clipboard';
+
+@JS('setByName')
+external JSPromise<JSBoolean> _setByName(
+  JSString name,
+  JSString value,
+  JSBoolean userInitiated,
+);
+
+Future<bool> writeTerminalClipboardPlatform(
+  String text, {
+  bool userInitiated = false,
+}) async {
+  try {
+    final result = await _setByName(
+      _writeTerminalClipboardCommand.toJS,
+      text.toJS,
+      userInitiated.toJS,
+    ).toDart;
+    return result.toDart;
+  } catch (error) {
+    debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to write Web clipboard: $error');
+    return false;
+  }
+}
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_copy_shortcut.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_copy_shortcut.dart
@@ -3,20 +3,130 @@ import 'dart:async';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/consts.dart';
 import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';

+import 'terminal_clipboard_writer.dart'
+    if (dart.library.html) 'terminal_clipboard_writer_web.dart';
+
 const _controlShiftVPasteShortcut = SingleActivator(
  LogicalKeyboardKey.keyV,
  control: true,
  shift: true,
 );

-Future<void> writeTerminalClipboard(String text) async {
-  try {
-    await Clipboard.setData(ClipboardData(text: text));
-  } catch (error) {
-    debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to write clipboard: $error');
+typedef TerminalClipboardWriter = Future<bool> Function(
+  String text, {
+  required bool userInitiated,
+});
+
+class TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T> {
+  const TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest({
+    required this.source,
+    required this.text,
+    required this.persistAllowed,
+  });
+
+  final T source;
+  final String text;
+  final bool persistAllowed;
+
+  String get actionKey => persistAllowed ? 'Enable' : 'Copy to clipboard';
+
+  String get negativeActionKey => persistAllowed ? 'Decline' : 'Dismiss';
+}
+
+const kTerminalClipboardNoticeMessageKey = 'terminal-clipboard-write-tip';
+
+class TerminalClipboardNoticeCoordinator<T> extends ChangeNotifier {
+  TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T>? _current;
+  bool _noticeVisible = false;
+  bool _actionInProgress = false;
+
+  TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T>? get current => _current;
+  bool get canClaimAction =>
+      _noticeVisible && !_actionInProgress && _current != null;
+
+  TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T>? currentForSource(T source) {
+    final current = _current;
+    if (current == null || current.source != source) return null;
+    return current;
  }
+
+  TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T>? recordBlocked({
+    required T source,
+    required String text,
+    required String option,
+    required bool Function(T source) canWrite,
+  }) {
+    if (!canWrite(source)) return null;
+    final requestAllowsPersistence =
+        option == kTerminalClipboardWriteUnconfigured;
+    if (option != kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed && !requestAllowsPersistence) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (_noticeVisible && _actionInProgress) return null;
+    final wasVisible = _noticeVisible;
+    final persistAllowed =
+        wasVisible ? _current?.persistAllowed : requestAllowsPersistence;
+    final request = TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest(
+      source: source,
+      text: text,
+      persistAllowed: persistAllowed ?? requestAllowsPersistence,
+    );
+    _current = request;
+    if (wasVisible) return null;
+    _noticeVisible = true;
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  TerminalClipboardNoticeRequest<T>? claimCurrentAction() {
+    if (!canClaimAction) return null;
+    final current = _current;
+    if (current == null) return null;
+    _actionInProgress = true;
+    notifyListeners();
+    return current;
+  }
+
+  void releaseAction() {
+    if (!_actionInProgress) return;
+    _actionInProgress = false;
+    notifyListeners();
+  }
+
+  bool beginClose() {
+    if (!_noticeVisible) return false;
+    _actionInProgress = true;
+    notifyListeners();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void noticeClosed() => clear();
+
+  void clear() {
+    _current = null;
+    _noticeVisible = false;
+    _actionInProgress = false;
+  }
+}
+
+Future<bool> writeTerminalClipboard(
+  String text, {
+  bool userInitiated = false,
+}) =>
+    writeTerminalClipboardPlatform(text, userInitiated: userInitiated);
+
+Future<bool> completeTerminalClipboardWrite({
+  required String clipboardText,
+  required bool Function() canWrite,
+  required TerminalClipboardWriter writeClipboard,
+  Future<void> Function()? persistAllowed,
+}) async {
+  if (!canWrite()) return false;
+  if (!await writeClipboard(clipboardText, userInitiated: true)) return false;
+  await persistAllowed?.call();
+  return true;
 }

 Map<ShortcutActivator, Intent>? platformTerminalShortcuts() {
@@ -68,7 +178,7 @@ FocusOnKeyEventCallback terminalCopyHandler(
        if (selection != null && !selection.isCollapsed) {
          if (event is KeyDownEvent) {
            final text = terminal.buffer.getText(selection);
-            unawaited(writeTerminalClipboard(text));
+            unawaited(writeTerminalClipboard(text, userInitiated: true));
          }
          return KeyEventResult.handled;
        }
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart
@@ -11,8 +11,38 @@ import 'input_modifier_utils.dart';
 import 'model.dart';
 import 'platform_model.dart';
 import 'rustdesk_terminal.dart';
+import 'terminal_copy_shortcut.dart';
 import 'terminal_mouse_handler.dart';

+bool canConfigureTerminalClipboardPermission({
+  required bool settingsDisabled,
+  required bool optionFixed,
+}) =>
+    !settingsDisabled && !optionFixed;
+
+bool canHandleTerminalClipboardWriteRequest({
+  required String localOption,
+  required bool canConfigurePermission,
+}) =>
+    canConfigurePermission || localOption == kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed;
+
+TerminalClipboardWritePermission terminalClipboardWritePermission(
+  String localOption, {
+  required bool remoteClipboardEnabled,
+  bool canRequestConsent = true,
+}) {
+  if (!remoteClipboardEnabled) {
+    return TerminalClipboardWritePermission.denied;
+  }
+  if (localOption == kTerminalClipboardWriteAllowed) {
+    return TerminalClipboardWritePermission.allowed;
+  }
+  if (localOption == kTerminalClipboardWriteUnconfigured && canRequestConsent) {
+    return TerminalClipboardWritePermission.unconfigured;
+  }
+  return TerminalClipboardWritePermission.denied;
+}
+
 class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
  final String id; // peer id
  final FFI parent;
@@ -62,6 +92,9 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
  /// The listener (typically TerminalPage) can use this to auto-close the tab/page.
  VoidCallback? onClosed;

+  ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteBlocked;
+  ValueChanged<String>? onClipboardWriteSucceeded;
+
  Future<void> _handleInput(String data) async {
    // xterm can complete asynchronous input after the Flutter page has gone
    // away. Stop before reading or clearing widget-owned modifier state.
@@ -130,7 +163,19 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
  }

  TerminalModel(this.parent, [this.terminalId = 0]) : id = parent.id {
-    terminal = RustDeskTerminal(maxLines: 10000);
+    terminal = RustDeskTerminal(
+      maxLines: 10000,
+      onClipboardWrite: writeTerminalClipboard,
+      clipboardWritePermission: () => terminalClipboardWritePermission(
+        bind.mainGetLocalOption(key: kOptionAllowTerminalClipboardWrite),
+        remoteClipboardEnabled:
+            parent.ffiModel.permissions['clipboard'] != false,
+        canRequestConsent: onClipboardWriteBlocked != null,
+      ),
+      onClipboardWriteBlocked: (text) => onClipboardWriteBlocked?.call(text),
+      onClipboardWriteSucceeded: (text) =>
+          onClipboardWriteSucceeded?.call(text),
+    );
    terminal.mouseHandler = const WheelButtonFixMouseHandler();
    terminalController = TerminalController();

@@ -593,6 +638,8 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
    clearAltLock = null;
    onResizeExternal = null;
    onClosed = null;
+    onClipboardWriteBlocked = null;
+    onClipboardWriteSucceeded = null;
    // Clear buffers to free memory
    _inputBuffer.clear();
    _pendingOutputChunks.clear();
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_drag_reporter.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_drag_reporter.dart
@@ -62,13 +62,17 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
  var _ownsControllerSuspension = false;
  var _releasePending = false;
  var _reporting = false;
+  var _dragged = false;

  bool handleDown(
    PointerDownEvent event,
    Terminal terminal,
-    TerminalViewState? terminalView,
-  ) {
-    if (!_isPrimaryMouse(event) || !_reportsDrag(terminal.mouseMode)) {
+    TerminalViewState? terminalView, {
+    bool reportTouchInput = false,
+    bool deferReport = false,
+  }) {
+    if (!_isPrimaryPointer(event, reportTouchInput) ||
+        !_reportsDrag(terminal.mouseMode)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (terminalView == null || terminalView.widget.readOnly) return false;
@@ -83,14 +87,33 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
    _pointerId = event.pointer;
    _controller = controller;
    _ownsControllerSuspension = true;
-    _releasePending = true;
-    _reporting = true;
+    _releasePending = !deferReport;
+    _reporting = !deferReport;
+    _dragged = false;
    controller.setSuspendPointerInput(true);
    _clearSelection(controller);
    final position = _cellAt(event, terminalView);
    _lastReportedPosition = position;
+    if (!deferReport) {
+      terminal.textInput(
+        _report(terminal.mouseReportMode, position),
+      );
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool activateDeferredDown(Terminal terminal) {
+    if (_pointerId == null ||
+        _controller == null ||
+        _releasePending ||
+        !_reportsDrag(terminal.mouseMode)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    _releasePending = true;
+    _reporting = true;
+    _clearSelection(_controller);
    terminal.textInput(
-      _report(terminal.mouseReportMode, position),
+      _report(terminal.mouseReportMode, _lastReportedPosition),
    );
    return true;
  }
@@ -98,26 +121,36 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
  bool handleMove(
    PointerMoveEvent event,
    Terminal terminal,
-    TerminalViewState? terminalView,
-  ) {
+    TerminalViewState? terminalView, {
+    void Function(bool dragged)? beforeRelease,
+    void Function()? onCancel,
+  }) {
    if (event.pointer != _pointerId) return false;
    if (terminalView == null) {
+      onCancel?.call();
      cancel();
      return true;
    }
    final reportsDrag = _reportsDrag(terminal.mouseMode);
-    if (!_isPrimaryMouse(event)) {
+    if (!_hasPrimaryButton(event)) {
      if (_releasePending && reportsDrag) {
-        _reportRelease(
+        _finishRelease(
+          event,
          terminal,
-          _reporting ? _cellAt(event, terminalView) : _lastReportedPosition,
+          terminalView,
+          beforeRelease: beforeRelease,
        );
+      } else {
+        onCancel?.call();
      }
      cancel();
      return true;
    }
    if (!_reporting || !reportsDrag) {
-      if (!reportsDrag) _releasePending = false;
+      if (!reportsDrag && _releasePending) {
+        _releasePending = false;
+        onCancel?.call();
+      }
      _reporting = false;
      // Keep ownership until the matching end event to suppress local selection.
      final controller = _controller;
@@ -126,7 +159,7 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
    }

    final position = _cellAt(event, terminalView);
-    _lastReportedPosition = position;
+    _recordPosition(position);
    terminal.textInput(
      _report(terminal.mouseReportMode, position, motion: true),
    );
@@ -138,16 +171,22 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
  bool handleEnd(
    PointerEvent event,
    Terminal terminal,
-    TerminalViewState? terminalView,
-  ) {
+    TerminalViewState? terminalView, {
+    void Function(bool dragged)? beforeRelease,
+    void Function()? onCancel,
+  }) {
    if (event.pointer != _pointerId) return false;
    if (terminalView != null &&
        _releasePending &&
        _reportsDrag(terminal.mouseMode)) {
-      _reportRelease(
+      _finishRelease(
+        event,
        terminal,
-        _reporting ? _cellAt(event, terminalView) : _lastReportedPosition,
+        terminalView,
+        beforeRelease: beforeRelease,
      );
+    } else {
+      onCancel?.call();
    }
    _clearSelection(_controller);
    final controller = _controller;
@@ -172,6 +211,7 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
    _ownsControllerSuspension = false;
    _releasePending = false;
    _reporting = false;
+    _dragged = false;
  }

  void updateController(TerminalController controller) {
@@ -203,6 +243,24 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
    );
  }

+  void _finishRelease(
+    PointerEvent event,
+    Terminal terminal,
+    TerminalViewState terminalView, {
+    void Function(bool dragged)? beforeRelease,
+  }) {
+    final position =
+        _reporting ? _cellAt(event, terminalView) : _lastReportedPosition;
+    if (_reporting) _recordPosition(position);
+    beforeRelease?.call(_dragged);
+    _reportRelease(terminal, position);
+  }
+
+  void _recordPosition(CellOffset position) {
+    _dragged = _dragged || position != _lastReportedPosition;
+    _lastReportedPosition = position;
+  }
+
  CellOffset _cellAt(PointerEvent event, TerminalViewState terminalView) {
    final renderTerminal = terminalView.renderTerminal;
    return renderTerminal.getCellOffset(
@@ -210,9 +268,13 @@ class TerminalMouseDragReporter {
    );
  }

-  bool _isPrimaryMouse(PointerEvent event) =>
-      event.kind == PointerDeviceKind.mouse &&
-      (event.buttons & kPrimaryMouseButton) == kPrimaryMouseButton;
+  bool _isPrimaryPointer(PointerEvent event, bool reportTouchInput) =>
+      (event.kind == PointerDeviceKind.mouse ||
+          reportTouchInput && event.kind == PointerDeviceKind.touch) &&
+      _hasPrimaryButton(event);
+
+  bool _hasPrimaryButton(PointerEvent event) =>
+      (event.buttons & kPrimaryButton) == kPrimaryButton;

  bool _reportsDrag(MouseMode mode) =>
      mode == MouseMode.upDownScrollDrag || mode == MouseMode.upDownScrollMove;
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_handler.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_handler.dart
@@ -1,45 +1,17 @@
 import 'dart:async';

+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/gestures.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
 import 'package:xterm/xterm.dart';

+import 'platform_model.dart';
+import 'rustdesk_terminal.dart';
 import 'terminal_copy_shortcut.dart';
 import 'terminal_mouse_drag_reporter.dart';

-/// xterm 4.0.0 encodes wheel buttons as 68..71; the extra bit reads as a Shift
-/// modifier, so strict full-screen apps ignore the report and never scroll.
-/// Upstream fix: TerminalStudio/xterm.dart#238.
-class WheelButtonFixMouseHandler implements TerminalMouseHandler {
-  const WheelButtonFixMouseHandler({this.positionProvider});
-
-  final CellOffset? Function()? positionProvider;
-
-  @override
-  String? call(TerminalMouseEvent event) {
-    if (!event.button.isWheel) {
-      return defaultMouseHandler(event);
-    }
-    // Same gate as UpDownMouseHandler: only the scroll modes report a wheel,
-    // and a wheel release is never reported, so the report is always a press.
-    if (!event.state.mouseMode.reportScroll ||
-        event.buttonState == TerminalMouseButtonState.up) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    return _reportWheel(event);
-  }
-
-  String _reportWheel(TerminalMouseEvent event) {
-    // Wheel buttons 4..7 go on the wire as 64..67, but `id` is 64 + 4..7.
-    final button = event.button.id - 4;
-    final position = positionProvider?.call() ?? event.position;
-    return encodeTerminalMouseReport(
-      event.state.mouseReportMode,
-      button,
-      position,
-    );
-  }
-}
+part 'terminal_mouse_handler_input.dart';
+part 'terminal_web_clipboard_gesture.dart';

 class TerminalMouseInteraction extends StatefulWidget {
  const TerminalMouseInteraction(
@@ -47,6 +19,12 @@ class TerminalMouseInteraction extends StatefulWidget {
    super.key,
    required this.controller,
    this.focusNode,
+    this.autofocus = false,
+    this.textStyle = const TerminalStyle(),
+    this.deleteDetection = false,
+    this.reportTouchInput = false,
+    this.shortcuts,
+    this.onKeyEvent,
    this.backgroundOpacity = 1,
    this.padding,
    this.onSecondaryTapDown,
@@ -55,6 +33,12 @@ class TerminalMouseInteraction extends StatefulWidget {
  final Terminal terminal;
  final TerminalController controller;
  final FocusNode? focusNode;
+  final bool autofocus;
+  final TerminalStyle textStyle;
+  final bool deleteDetection;
+  final bool reportTouchInput;
+  final Map<ShortcutActivator, Intent>? shortcuts;
+  final FocusOnKeyEventCallback? onKeyEvent;
  final double backgroundOpacity;
  final EdgeInsets? padding;
  final void Function(TapDownDetails, CellOffset)? onSecondaryTapDown;
@@ -81,8 +65,13 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {
  Buffer? _selectionBuffer;
  int? _selectionPointerId;
  Timer? _selectionScrollTimer;
+  Timer? _pendingTouchMouseTimer;
+  PointerDownEvent? _pendingTouchMouseDown;
  var _selectionHasScrolled = false;
  var _scrollDirection = _noScroll;
+  // xterm can finish its tap callbacks after the raw drag was reported.
+  var _suppressXtermLeftButton = false;
+  var _terminalClipboardGesturePrepared = false;
  TerminalViewState? get _terminalView => _terminalViewKey.currentState;

  @override
@@ -90,6 +79,7 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {
    super.initState();
    _mouseHandler = WheelButtonFixMouseHandler(
      positionProvider: _cellAtPointer,
+      suppressLeftButton: kIsWeb ? _consumeXtermLeftButtonSuppression : null,
    );
    _installMouseHandler(widget.terminal);
  }
@@ -100,10 +90,15 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {
    final terminalChanged = !identical(oldWidget.terminal, widget.terminal);
    final controllerChanged =
        !identical(oldWidget.controller, widget.controller);
+    final touchInputChanged =
+        oldWidget.reportTouchInput != widget.reportTouchInput;
+    if (!terminalChanged && !controllerChanged && !touchInputChanged) return;
+    _cancelPendingTouchMouseDrag();
    if (!terminalChanged && !controllerChanged) return;
    if (controllerChanged && !terminalChanged) {
      _mouseDrag.updateController(widget.controller);
    } else {
+      _discardPendingTerminalClipboardWrites();
      _mouseDrag.cancel();
    }
    _clearSelectionDrag();
@@ -123,46 +118,18 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {
    }
  }

-  CellOffset? _cellAtPointer() {
-    final terminalView = _terminalView;
-    final pointerPosition = _pointerPosition;
-    if (terminalView == null || pointerPosition == null) return null;
-    final renderTerminal = terminalView.renderTerminal;
-    return renderTerminal.getCellOffset(
-      renderTerminal.globalToLocal(pointerPosition),
-    );
-  }
-
-  void _updatePointerPosition(PointerEvent event) =>
-      _pointerPosition = event.position;
-
-  void _handlePointerDown(PointerDownEvent event) {
-    _updatePointerPosition(event);
-    if (_mouseDrag.handleDown(event, widget.terminal, _terminalView)) {
-      _clearSelectionDrag();
-      return;
-    }
-    if (event.kind != PointerDeviceKind.mouse ||
-        (event.buttons & kPrimaryMouseButton) != kPrimaryMouseButton) {
-      return;
-    }
-    _clearSelectionDrag();
-    final terminalView = _terminalView;
-    if (terminalView == null) return;
-    final renderTerminal = terminalView.renderTerminal;
-    final localPosition = renderTerminal.globalToLocal(event.position);
-    final selectionBuffer = widget.terminal.buffer;
-    _selectionPointerId = event.pointer;
-    _selectionBase = selectionBuffer.createAnchorFromOffset(
-      renderTerminal.getCellOffset(localPosition),
-    );
-    _selectionBuffer = selectionBuffer;
-    _selectionPointer = localPosition;
-  }
-
  void _handlePointerMove(PointerMoveEvent event) {
    _updatePointerPosition(event);
-    if (_mouseDrag.handleMove(event, widget.terminal, _terminalView)) return;
+    if (_handlePendingTouchMove(event)) return;
+    if (_mouseDrag.handleMove(
+      event,
+      widget.terminal,
+      _terminalView,
+      beforeRelease: _finishTerminalClipboardWrite,
+      onCancel: _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite,
+    )) {
+      return;
+    }
    if (event.pointer != _selectionPointerId) return;
    if (event.kind != PointerDeviceKind.mouse ||
        (event.buttons & kPrimaryMouseButton) != kPrimaryMouseButton) {
@@ -241,8 +208,28 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {

  void _handlePointerEnd(PointerEvent event) {
    _updatePointerPosition(event);
-    if (!_mouseDrag.handleEnd(event, widget.terminal, _terminalView) &&
-        event.pointer != _selectionPointerId) return;
+    final pendingTouch = _pendingTouchMouseDown;
+    if (pendingTouch != null && pendingTouch.pointer == event.pointer) {
+      final movedBeyondSlop =
+          (event.position - pendingTouch.position).distance > kTouchSlop;
+      if (event is PointerUpEvent && !movedBeyondSlop) {
+        _activatePendingTouchMouseDrag(cancelOnFailure: false);
+      } else {
+        _takePendingTouchMouseDrag(pointer: event.pointer);
+      }
+    }
+    final handledByMouseDrag = _mouseDrag.handleEnd(
+      event,
+      widget.terminal,
+      _terminalView,
+      beforeRelease: event is PointerUpEvent
+          ? _finishTerminalClipboardWrite
+          : (_) => _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite(),
+      onCancel: _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite,
+    );
+    if (!handledByMouseDrag && event.pointer != _selectionPointerId) {
+      return;
+    }
    if (_selectionHasScrolled) _scrollSelection(scroll: false);
    _clearSelectionDrag();
  }
@@ -265,6 +252,8 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {

  @override
  void dispose() {
+    _discardPendingTerminalClipboardWrites();
+    _cancelPendingTouchMouseDrag();
    _mouseDrag.cancel();
    _clearSelectionDrag();
    _restoreMouseHandler(widget.terminal);
@@ -290,10 +279,14 @@ class _TerminalMouseInteractionState extends State<TerminalMouseInteraction> {
        controller: widget.controller,
        scrollController: _scrollController,
        focusNode: widget.focusNode,
+        autofocus: widget.autofocus,
+        textStyle: widget.textStyle,
+        deleteDetection: widget.deleteDetection,
        backgroundOpacity: widget.backgroundOpacity,
        padding: widget.padding,
-        shortcuts: platformTerminalShortcuts(),
-        onKeyEvent: terminalCopyHandler(widget.terminal, widget.controller),
+        shortcuts: widget.shortcuts ?? platformTerminalShortcuts(),
+        onKeyEvent: widget.onKeyEvent ??
+            terminalCopyHandler(widget.terminal, widget.controller),
        onSecondaryTapDown: widget.onSecondaryTapDown,
      ),
    );
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_handler_input.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_mouse_handler_input.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+part of 'terminal_mouse_handler.dart';
+
+/// xterm 4.0.0 encodes wheel buttons as 68..71; the extra bit reads as a Shift
+/// modifier, so strict full-screen apps ignore the report and never scroll.
+/// Upstream fix: TerminalStudio/xterm.dart#238.
+class WheelButtonFixMouseHandler implements TerminalMouseHandler {
+  const WheelButtonFixMouseHandler({
+    this.positionProvider,
+    this.suppressLeftButton,
+  });
+
+  final CellOffset? Function()? positionProvider;
+  final bool Function(TerminalMouseButtonState)? suppressLeftButton;
+
+  @override
+  String? call(TerminalMouseEvent event) {
+    if (!event.button.isWheel) {
+      if (event.button == TerminalMouseButton.left &&
+          suppressLeftButton?.call(event.buttonState) == true) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return defaultMouseHandler(event);
+    }
+    // Same gate as UpDownMouseHandler: only the scroll modes report a wheel,
+    // and a wheel release is never reported, so the report is always a press.
+    if (!event.state.mouseMode.reportScroll ||
+        event.buttonState == TerminalMouseButtonState.up) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return _reportWheel(event);
+  }
+
+  String _reportWheel(TerminalMouseEvent event) {
+    // Wheel buttons 4..7 go on the wire as 64..67, but `id` is 64 + 4..7.
+    final button = event.button.id - 4;
+    final position = positionProvider?.call() ?? event.position;
+    return encodeTerminalMouseReport(
+      event.state.mouseReportMode,
+      button,
+      position,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+extension _TerminalMouseInput on _TerminalMouseInteractionState {
+  CellOffset? _cellAtPointer() {
+    final terminalView = _terminalView;
+    final pointerPosition = _pointerPosition;
+    if (terminalView == null || pointerPosition == null) return null;
+    final renderTerminal = terminalView.renderTerminal;
+    return renderTerminal.getCellOffset(
+      renderTerminal.globalToLocal(pointerPosition),
+    );
+  }
+
+  void _updatePointerPosition(PointerEvent event) =>
+      _pointerPosition = event.position;
+
+  void _handlePointerDown(PointerDownEvent event) {
+    _updatePointerPosition(event);
+    _suppressXtermLeftButton = false;
+    if (_startPendingTouchMouseDrag(event)) return;
+    if (_mouseDrag.handleDown(event, widget.terminal, _terminalView)) {
+      _prepareTerminalClipboardWrite();
+      if (kIsWeb) _suppressXtermLeftButton = true;
+      _clearSelectionDrag();
+      return;
+    }
+    if (event.kind != PointerDeviceKind.mouse ||
+        (event.buttons & kPrimaryMouseButton) != kPrimaryMouseButton) {
+      return;
+    }
+    _clearSelectionDrag();
+    final terminalView = _terminalView;
+    if (terminalView == null) return;
+    final renderTerminal = terminalView.renderTerminal;
+    final localPosition = renderTerminal.globalToLocal(event.position);
+    final selectionBuffer = widget.terminal.buffer;
+    _selectionPointerId = event.pointer;
+    _selectionBase = selectionBuffer.createAnchorFromOffset(
+      renderTerminal.getCellOffset(localPosition),
+    );
+    _selectionBuffer = selectionBuffer;
+    _selectionPointer = localPosition;
+  }
+
+  bool _startPendingTouchMouseDrag(PointerDownEvent event) {
+    if (!widget.reportTouchInput ||
+        event.kind != PointerDeviceKind.touch ||
+        !_mouseDrag.handleDown(
+          event,
+          widget.terminal,
+          _terminalView,
+          reportTouchInput: true,
+          deferReport: true,
+        )) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    _pendingTouchMouseDown = event;
+    _pendingTouchMouseTimer = Timer(
+      kLongPressTimeout,
+      _activatePendingTouchMouseDrag,
+    );
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool _activatePendingTouchMouseDrag({
+    bool cancelOnFailure = true,
+  }) {
+    if (_takePendingTouchMouseDrag() == null) return false;
+    if (_mouseDrag.activateDeferredDown(widget.terminal)) {
+      _prepareTerminalClipboardWrite();
+      _clearSelectionDrag();
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (cancelOnFailure) _mouseDrag.cancel();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  PointerDownEvent? _takePendingTouchMouseDrag({int? pointer}) {
+    final pending = _pendingTouchMouseDown;
+    if (pending == null || pointer != null && pointer != pending.pointer) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    _pendingTouchMouseTimer?.cancel();
+    _pendingTouchMouseTimer = null;
+    _pendingTouchMouseDown = null;
+    return pending;
+  }
+
+  void _cancelPendingTouchMouseDrag({
+    int? pointer,
+    bool deferCancel = false,
+  }) {
+    if (_takePendingTouchMouseDrag(pointer: pointer) == null) return;
+    if (deferCancel) {
+      scheduleMicrotask(_mouseDrag.cancel);
+    } else {
+      _mouseDrag.cancel();
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool _handlePendingTouchMove(PointerMoveEvent event) {
+    final pending = _pendingTouchMouseDown;
+    if (pending == null || pending.pointer != event.pointer) return false;
+    if ((event.position - pending.position).distance > kTouchSlop) {
+      _cancelPendingTouchMouseDrag(
+        pointer: event.pointer,
+        deferCancel: true,
+      );
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool _consumeXtermLeftButtonSuppression(TerminalMouseButtonState state) {
+    final suppress = _suppressXtermLeftButton;
+    if (state == TerminalMouseButtonState.up) {
+      _suppressXtermLeftButton = false;
+    }
+    return suppress;
+  }
+}
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_web_clipboard_gesture.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_web_clipboard_gesture.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+part of 'terminal_mouse_handler.dart';
+
+const _prepareTerminalClipboardCommand = 'prepare_terminal_clipboard';
+const _finishTerminalClipboardCommand = 'finish_terminal_clipboard';
+const _cancelTerminalClipboardCommand = 'cancel_terminal_clipboard';
+
+extension _TerminalWebClipboardGesture on _TerminalMouseInteractionState {
+  void _prepareTerminalClipboardWrite() {
+    if (!kIsWeb) return;
+    _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite();
+    final terminal = widget.terminal;
+    if (terminal is! RustDeskTerminal || !terminal.isClipboardWriteAllowed) {
+      return;
+    }
+    try {
+      ffiSetByName(_prepareTerminalClipboardCommand);
+      _terminalClipboardGesturePrepared = true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to prepare Web clipboard write: $error');
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _finishTerminalClipboardWrite(bool responseExpected) {
+    if (!_terminalClipboardGesturePrepared) return;
+    _terminalClipboardGesturePrepared = false;
+    if (!kIsWeb) return;
+    try {
+      ffiSetByName(
+        _finishTerminalClipboardCommand,
+        responseExpected ? 'true' : 'false',
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to finish Web clipboard write: $error');
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite() {
+    if (!_terminalClipboardGesturePrepared) return;
+    _terminalClipboardGesturePrepared = false;
+    _sendTerminalClipboardCancel();
+  }
+
+  void _discardPendingTerminalClipboardWrites() {
+    _cancelTerminalClipboardWrite();
+    _sendTerminalClipboardCancel();
+  }
+
+  void _sendTerminalClipboardCancel() {
+    if (!kIsWeb) return;
+    try {
+      ffiSetByName(_cancelTerminalClipboardCommand);
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('[Terminal] Failed to cancel Web clipboard write: $error');
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/flutter/pubspec.lock
+++ b/flutter/pubspec.lock
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ packages:
    dependency: "direct main"
    description:
      path: "."
-      ref: HEAD
+      ref: bd6b5b41254e57c5bcece202ebfb234de63e6487
      resolved-ref: bd6b5b41254e57c5bcece202ebfb234de63e6487
      url: "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/Dash-Chat-2"
    source: git
@@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ packages:
    dependency: "direct main"
    description:
      path: "."
-      ref: HEAD
-      resolved-ref: 8b774a66671cbb9bcb2631af6ac28f9bdd469ce3
+      ref: "8b774a66671cbb9bcb2631af6ac28f9bdd469ce3"
+      resolved-ref: "8b774a66671cbb9bcb2631af6ac28f9bdd469ce3"
      url: "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/rustdesk_desktop_multi_window"
    source: git
    version: "0.1.0"
@@ -1581,7 +1581,7 @@ packages:
    dependency: "direct main"
    description:
      path: "."
-      ref: HEAD
+      ref: cf4aef0512092fad9344a27ffe1c47ad83269dfc
      resolved-ref: cf4aef0512092fad9344a27ffe1c47ad83269dfc
      url: "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/window_manager"
    source: git
--- a/flutter/pubspec.yaml
+++ b/flutter/pubspec.yaml
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ dependencies:
  dash_chat_2:
    git:
      url: https://github.com/rustdesk-org/Dash-Chat-2
+      ref: bd6b5b41254e57c5bcece202ebfb234de63e6487
  draggable_float_widget: ^0.1.0
  settings_ui: ^2.0.2
  flutter_breadcrumb: ^1.0.1
@@ -53,9 +54,11 @@ dependencies:
  window_manager:
    git:
      url: https://github.com/rustdesk-org/window_manager
+      ref: cf4aef0512092fad9344a27ffe1c47ad83269dfc
  desktop_multi_window:
    git:
      url: https://github.com/rustdesk-org/rustdesk_desktop_multi_window
+      ref: 8b774a66671cbb9bcb2631af6ac28f9bdd469ce3
  freezed_annotation: ^2.0.3
  flutter_custom_cursor:
    git:
--- a/flutter/test/quality_monitor_transport_test.dart
+++ b/flutter/test/quality_monitor_transport_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/common.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_hbb/models/model.dart';
+import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:uuid/uuid.dart';
+
+final _sessionId = UuidValue('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000');
+
+class _FakeFFI implements FFI {
+  @override
+  UuidValue get sessionId => _sessionId;
+
+  @override
+  late final FfiModel ffiModel = FfiModel(WeakReference(this));
+
+  @override
+  dynamic noSuchMethod(Invocation invocation) => super.noSuchMethod(invocation);
+}
+
+void main() {
+  test('the quality monitor names the WebRTC transport only on web', () {
+    final ffi = _FakeFFI();
+    ffi.ffiModel.cachedPeerData.streamType = 'WebRTC';
+    final model = QualityMonitorModel(WeakReference(ffi));
+    // Off the web the session tab's tooltip already names the transport.
+    expect(isWeb, isFalse);
+    expect(model.webrtcTransport, isNull);
+  });
+}
--- a/libs/base/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/base/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+[package]
+name = "base"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["rustdesk <info@rustdesk.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+# Code that only RustDesk itself uses. `hbb_common` stays the crate shared with
+# the server, so anything the server never touches belongs here instead.
+
+[features]
+default = []
+# The isolated Wayland socket-probe fallback (src/platform/linux/wayland_probe.rs).
+# Off by default so the base Wayland enumeration is untouched; the DRM login-screen
+# build (scrap/drm) turns it on.
+wayland_probe = []
+
+[dependencies]
+hbb_common = { path = "../hbb_common" }
+protobuf = { version = "3.7", features = ["with-bytes"] }
+# the generated protobuf code refers to `::bytes::Bytes` (tokio_bytes codegen)
+bytes = { version = "1.10", features = ["serde"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.44", features = ["full"] }
+serde_derive = "1.0"
+serde = "1.0"
+serde_json = "1.0"
+filetime = "0.2"
+libc = "0.2"
+backtrace = "0.3"
+log = "0.4"
+lazy_static = "1.5"
+anyhow = "1.0"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+protobuf-codegen = { version = "3.7" }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
+# Every module the moved sources name, spelled out rather than left to feature
+# unification with the root crate.
+winapi = { version = "0.3", features = [
+    "fileapi",
+    "handleapi",
+    "minwindef",
+    "pdh",
+    "synchapi",
+    "sysinfoapi",
+    "winbase",
+    "winnt",
+] }
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
+osascript = "0.3"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_os = "linux")'.dependencies]
+sctk = { package = "smithay-client-toolkit", version = "0.20.0", default-features = false, features = [
+    "calloop",
+] }
+users = { version = "0.11" }
--- a/libs/base/build.rs
+++ b/libs/base/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+fn main() {
+    let out_dir = format!("{}/protos", std::env::var("OUT_DIR").unwrap());
+
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&out_dir).unwrap();
+
+    protobuf_codegen::Codegen::new()
+        .pure()
+        .out_dir(out_dir)
+        .inputs(["protos/message.proto"])
+        .include("protos")
+        .customize(protobuf_codegen::Customize::default().tokio_bytes(true))
+        .run()
+        .expect("Codegen failed.");
+}
--- a/libs/base/examples/system_message.rs
+++ b/libs/base/examples/system_message.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+extern crate base;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use base::platform::linux;
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+use base::platform::macos;
+
+fn main() {
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    let res = linux::system_message("test title", "test message", true);
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    let res = macos::alert(
+        "System Preferences".to_owned(),
+        "warning".to_owned(),
+        "test title".to_owned(),
+        "test message".to_owned(),
+        ["Ok".to_owned()].to_vec(),
+    );
+    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "macos"))]
+    println!("result {:?}", &res);
+}
--- a/libs/base/protos/message.proto
+++ b/libs/base/protos/message.proto
--- a/libs/base/src/config/keys.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/config/keys.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+//! Option keys shared across the app.
+//!
+//! The handful that `hbb_common` itself reads stay defined there and are
+//! re-exported here, so callers always use this one path.
+
+pub use hbb_common::config::keys::*;
+
+pub const OPTION_VIEW_ONLY: &str = "view_only";
+pub const OPTION_SHOW_MONITORS_TOOLBAR: &str = "show_monitors_toolbar";
+pub const OPTION_SHOW_REMOTE_CURSOR: &str = "show_remote_cursor";
+pub const OPTION_FOLLOW_REMOTE_CURSOR: &str = "follow_remote_cursor";
+pub const OPTION_FOLLOW_REMOTE_WINDOW: &str = "follow_remote_window";
+pub const OPTION_SHOW_QUALITY_MONITOR: &str = "show_quality_monitor";
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_AUDIO: &str = "disable_audio";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_REMOTE_PRINTER: &str = "enable-remote-printer";
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_CLIPBOARD: &str = "disable_clipboard";
+pub const OPTION_LOCK_AFTER_SESSION_END: &str = "lock_after_session_end";
+pub const OPTION_PRIVACY_MODE: &str = "privacy_mode";
+pub const OPTION_TOUCH_MODE: &str = "touch-mode";
+pub const OPTION_SYNC_INIT_CLIPBOARD: &str = "sync-init-clipboard";
+pub const OPTION_THEME: &str = "theme";
+pub const OPTION_REMOTE_MENUBAR_DRAG_LEFT: &str = "remote-menubar-drag-left";
+pub const OPTION_REMOTE_MENUBAR_DRAG_RIGHT: &str = "remote-menubar-drag-right";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_AB_TAGS_PANEL: &str = "hideAbTagsPanel";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_CONFIRM_CLOSING_TABS: &str = "enable-confirm-closing-tabs";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_OPEN_NEW_CONNECTIONS_IN_TABS: &str = "enable-open-new-connections-in-tabs";
+pub const OPTION_TEXTURE_RENDER: &str = "use-texture-render";
+// Internal health record written by the texture-render watchdog/probe;
+// "failed-*" flips the texture-render default to opt-in on this machine.
+pub const OPTION_TEXTURE_RENDER_HEALTH: &str = "texture-render-health";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER: &str = "allow-d3d-render";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_CHECK_UPDATE: &str = "enable-check-update";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_UPDATE: &str = "allow-auto-update";
+pub const OPTION_SYNC_AB_WITH_RECENT_SESSIONS: &str = "sync-ab-with-recent-sessions";
+pub const OPTION_SYNC_AB_TAGS: &str = "sync-ab-tags";
+pub const OPTION_FILTER_AB_BY_INTERSECTION: &str = "filter-ab-by-intersection";
+pub const OPTION_ACCESS_MODE: &str = "access-mode";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_KEYBOARD: &str = "enable-keyboard";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD: &str = "enable-clipboard";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER: &str = "enable-file-transfer";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_CAMERA: &str = "enable-camera";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_TERMINAL: &str = "enable-terminal";
+pub const OPTION_TERMINAL_PERSISTENT: &str = "terminal-persistent";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO: &str = "enable-audio";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_TUNNEL: &str = "enable-tunnel";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_REMOTE_RESTART: &str = "enable-remote-restart";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_RECORD_SESSION: &str = "enable-record-session";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_BLOCK_INPUT: &str = "enable-block-input";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_PRIVACY_MODE: &str = "enable-privacy-mode";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW: &str = "enable-perm-change-in-accept-window";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_SCOPE_VIOLATION_CLOSE: &str = "allow-scope-violation-close";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_SCOPE_VIOLATION_ALARM: &str = "allow-scope-violation-alarm";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_REMOTE_CONFIG_MODIFICATION: &str = "allow-remote-config-modification";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_LAN_DISCOVERY: &str = "enable-lan-discovery";
+pub const OPTION_DIRECT_ACCESS_PORT: &str = "direct-access-port";
+pub const OPTION_WHITELIST: &str = "whitelist";
+pub const OPTION_ID_WHITELIST: &str = "id-whitelist";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_DISCONNECT: &str = "allow-auto-disconnect";
+pub const OPTION_AUTO_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT: &str = "auto-disconnect-timeout";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_ONLY_CONN_WINDOW_OPEN: &str = "allow-only-conn-window-open";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_INCOMING: &str = "allow-auto-record-incoming";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_OUTGOING: &str = "allow-auto-record-outgoing";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_RECORDING_BUTTON: &str = "hide-recording-button";
+pub const OPTION_WINDOWS_SERVICE_VIDEO_SAVE_DIRECTORY: &str =
+    "windows-service-video-save-directory";
+pub const OPTION_VIDEO_SAVE_DIRECTORY: &str = "video-save-directory";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_ABR: &str = "enable-abr";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_REMOVE_WALLPAPER: &str = "allow-remove-wallpaper";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE_RENDER: &str = "allow-always-software-render";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC: &str = "enable-hwcodec";
+pub const OPTION_APPROVE_MODE: &str = "approve-mode";
+pub const OPTION_VERIFICATION_METHOD: &str = "verification-method";
+pub const OPTION_TEMPORARY_PASSWORD_LENGTH: &str = "temporary-password-length";
+pub const OPTION_CUSTOM_RENDEZVOUS_SERVER: &str = "custom-rendezvous-server";
+pub const OPTION_API_SERVER: &str = "api-server";
+pub const OPTION_KEY: &str = "key";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_NAME: &str = "preset-address-book-name";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_TAG: &str = "preset-address-book-tag";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_ALIAS: &str = "preset-address-book-alias";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_PASSWORD: &str = "preset-address-book-password";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_NOTE: &str = "preset-address-book-note";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_USERNAME: &str = "preset-device-username";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_NAME: &str = "preset-device-name";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_NOTE: &str = "preset-note";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_DIRECTX_CAPTURE: &str = "enable-directx-capture";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_ANDROID_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_HALF_SCALE: &str =
+    "enable-android-software-encoding-half-scale";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_TRUSTED_DEVICES: &str = "enable-trusted-devices";
+pub const OPTION_AV1_TEST: &str = "av1-test";
+/// Maximum number of files allowed during a single file transfer request.
+///
+/// Key: `file-transfer-max-files`.
+/// Unit: number of files (not bytes).
+///
+/// Behaviour:
+/// - If set to a positive integer N, at most N files are allowed.
+/// - If set to 0, a safe built-in default is used (see DEFAULT_MAX_VALIDATED_FILES).
+/// - If unset, negative, or non-integer, no explicit limit is enforced for backward compatibility.
+pub const OPTION_FILE_TRANSFER_MAX_FILES: &str = "file-transfer-max-files";
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_UDP: &str = "disable-udp";
+pub const OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_MOUSE: &str = "show-virtual-mouse";
+// joystick is the virtual mouse.
+// So `OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_MOUSE` should also be set if `OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_JOYSTICK` is set.
+pub const OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_JOYSTICK: &str = "show-virtual-joystick";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_FLUTTER_HTTP_ON_RUST: &str = "enable-flutter-http-on-rust";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_ASK_FOR_NOTE: &str = "allow-ask-for-note";
+
+// built-in options
+pub const OPTION_DISPLAY_NAME: &str = "display-name";
+pub const OPTION_AVATAR: &str = "avatar";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_GROUP_NAME: &str = "preset-device-group-name";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_USERNAME: &str = "preset-user-name";
+pub const OPTION_PRESET_STRATEGY_NAME: &str = "preset-strategy-name";
+pub const OPTION_REMOVE_PRESET_PASSWORD_WARNING: &str = "remove-preset-password-warning";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_GENERAL_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-general-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_SECURITY_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-security-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_NETWORK_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-network-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_SERVER_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-server-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_PROXY_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-proxy-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_REMOTE_PRINTER_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-remote-printer-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_WEBSOCKET_SETTINGS: &str = "hide-websocket-settings";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_STOP_SERVICE: &str = "hide-stop-service";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_COMMAND_LINE_SETTINGS_WHEN_SETTINGS_DISABLED: &str =
+    "allow-command-line-settings-when-settings-disabled";
+
+// Connection punch-through / port-forward options
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_TCP_PUNCH: &str = "enable-tcp-punch";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_UDP_PUNCH: &str = "enable-udp-punch";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_IPV6_PUNCH: &str = "enable-ipv6-punch";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_PORT_FORWARD_MUX: &str = "enable-port-forward-mux";
+pub const OPTION_ENABLE_WEBRTC: &str = "enable-webrtc";
+pub const OPTION_RELAY_FALLBACK_DELAY: &str = "relay-fallback-delay";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_KCP_CC: &str = "allow-kcp-congestion-control";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_USERNAME_ON_CARD: &str = "hide-username-on-card";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_HELP_CARDS: &str = "hide-help-cards";
+pub const OPTION_DEFAULT_CONNECT_PASSWORD: &str = "default-connect-password";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_TRAY: &str = "hide-tray";
+pub const OPTION_ONE_WAY_CLIPBOARD_REDIRECTION: &str = "one-way-clipboard-redirection";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_LOGON_SCREEN_PASSWORD: &str = "allow-logon-screen-password";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_DEEP_LINK_PASSWORD: &str = "allow-deep-link-password";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_DEEP_LINK_SERVER_SETTINGS: &str = "allow-deep-link-server-settings";
+pub const OPTION_ONE_WAY_FILE_TRANSFER: &str = "one-way-file-transfer";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_HTTPS_21114: &str = "allow-https-21114";
+pub const OPTION_USE_RAW_TCP_FOR_API: &str = "use-raw-tcp-for-api";
+pub const OPTION_HIDE_POWERED_BY_ME: &str = "hide-powered-by-me";
+pub const OPTION_MAIN_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP: &str = "main-window-always-on-top";
+
+// flutter local options
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_REMOTE_MENUBAR_STATE: &str = "remoteMenubarState";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_SORTING: &str = "peer-sorting";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_INDEX: &str = "peer-tab-index";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_ORDER: &str = "peer-tab-order";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_VISIBLE: &str = "peer-tab-visible";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_CARD_UI_TYLE: &str = "peer-card-ui-type";
+pub const OPTION_FLUTTER_CURRENT_AB_NAME: &str = "current-ab-name";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_REMOTE_CM_MODIFICATION: &str = "allow-remote-cm-modification";
+pub const OPTION_ALLOW_SYNC_CLIPBOARD_BETWEEN_SESSIONS: &str =
+    "allow-sync-clipboard-between-sessions";
+
+pub const OPTION_PRINTER_INCOMING_JOB_ACTION: &str = "printer-incomming-job-action";
+pub const OPTION_PRINTER_ALLOW_AUTO_PRINT: &str = "allow-printer-auto-print";
+pub const OPTION_PRINTER_SELECTED_NAME: &str = "printer-selected-name";
+
+// android floating window options
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_FLOATING_WINDOW: &str = "disable-floating-window";
+pub const OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_SIZE: &str = "floating-window-size";
+pub const OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_UNTOUCHABLE: &str = "floating-window-untouchable";
+pub const OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_TRANSPARENCY: &str = "floating-window-transparency";
+pub const OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_SVG: &str = "floating-window-svg";
+
+// android keep screen on
+pub const OPTION_KEEP_SCREEN_ON: &str = "keep-screen-on";
+
+// Server-side: keep host system awake during incoming sessions (Security setting)
+pub const OPTION_KEEP_AWAKE_DURING_INCOMING_SESSIONS: &str = "keep-awake-during-incoming-sessions";
+
+// Client-side: keep client system awake during outgoing sessions (General setting)
+pub const OPTION_KEEP_AWAKE_DURING_OUTGOING_SESSIONS: &str = "keep-awake-during-outgoing-sessions";
+
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_GROUP_PANEL: &str = "disable-group-panel";
+pub const OPTION_DISABLE_DISCOVERY_PANEL: &str = "disable-discovery-panel";
+pub const OPTION_PRE_ELEVATE_SERVICE: &str = "pre-elevate-service";
+
+// DEFAULT_DISPLAY_SETTINGS, OVERWRITE_DISPLAY_SETTINGS
+pub const KEYS_DISPLAY_SETTINGS: &[&str] = &[
+    OPTION_VIEW_ONLY,
+    OPTION_SHOW_MONITORS_TOOLBAR,
+    OPTION_COLLAPSE_TOOLBAR,
+    OPTION_SHOW_REMOTE_CURSOR,
+    OPTION_FOLLOW_REMOTE_CURSOR,
+    OPTION_FOLLOW_REMOTE_WINDOW,
+    OPTION_ZOOM_CURSOR,
+    OPTION_SHOW_QUALITY_MONITOR,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_AUDIO,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_COPY_PASTE,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_CLIPBOARD,
+    OPTION_LOCK_AFTER_SESSION_END,
+    OPTION_PRIVACY_MODE,
+    OPTION_TOUCH_MODE,
+    OPTION_I444,
+    OPTION_REVERSE_MOUSE_WHEEL,
+    OPTION_SWAP_LEFT_RIGHT_MOUSE,
+    OPTION_DISPLAYS_AS_INDIVIDUAL_WINDOWS,
+    OPTION_USE_ALL_MY_DISPLAYS_FOR_THE_REMOTE_SESSION,
+    OPTION_VIEW_STYLE,
+    OPTION_TERMINAL_PERSISTENT,
+    OPTION_SCROLL_STYLE,
+    OPTION_EDGE_SCROLL_EDGE_THICKNESS,
+    OPTION_IMAGE_QUALITY,
+    OPTION_CUSTOM_IMAGE_QUALITY,
+    OPTION_CUSTOM_FPS,
+    OPTION_CODEC_PREFERENCE,
+    OPTION_SYNC_INIT_CLIPBOARD,
+    OPTION_TRACKPAD_SPEED,
+];
+// DEFAULT_LOCAL_SETTINGS, OVERWRITE_LOCAL_SETTINGS
+pub const KEYS_LOCAL_SETTINGS: &[&str] = &[
+    OPTION_THEME,
+    OPTION_LANGUAGE,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_CONFIRM_CLOSING_TABS,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_OPEN_NEW_CONNECTIONS_IN_TABS,
+    OPTION_TEXTURE_RENDER,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER,
+    OPTION_SYNC_AB_WITH_RECENT_SESSIONS,
+    OPTION_SYNC_AB_TAGS,
+    OPTION_FILTER_AB_BY_INTERSECTION,
+    OPTION_REMOTE_MENUBAR_DRAG_LEFT,
+    OPTION_REMOTE_MENUBAR_DRAG_RIGHT,
+    OPTION_HIDE_AB_TAGS_PANEL,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_REMOTE_MENUBAR_STATE,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_SORTING,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_INDEX,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_ORDER,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_TAB_VISIBLE,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_PEER_CARD_UI_TYLE,
+    OPTION_FLUTTER_CURRENT_AB_NAME,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_FLOATING_WINDOW,
+    OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_SIZE,
+    OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_UNTOUCHABLE,
+    OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_TRANSPARENCY,
+    OPTION_FLOATING_WINDOW_SVG,
+    OPTION_KEEP_SCREEN_ON,
+    // Client-side: keep client system awake during outgoing sessions (General setting)
+    OPTION_KEEP_AWAKE_DURING_OUTGOING_SESSIONS,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_GROUP_PANEL,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_DISCOVERY_PANEL,
+    OPTION_PRE_ELEVATE_SERVICE,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_REMOTE_CM_MODIFICATION,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_SYNC_CLIPBOARD_BETWEEN_SESSIONS,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_CHECK_UPDATE,
+    OPTION_PRINTER_INCOMING_JOB_ACTION,
+    OPTION_PRINTER_ALLOW_AUTO_PRINT,
+    OPTION_PRINTER_SELECTED_NAME,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_OUTGOING,
+    OPTION_HIDE_RECORDING_BUTTON,
+    OPTION_VIDEO_SAVE_DIRECTORY,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_TCP_PUNCH,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_UDP_PUNCH,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_IPV6_PUNCH,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_PORT_FORWARD_MUX,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_WEBRTC,
+    OPTION_RELAY_FALLBACK_DELAY,
+    OPTION_TOUCH_MODE,
+    OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_MOUSE,
+    OPTION_SHOW_VIRTUAL_JOYSTICK,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_FLUTTER_HTTP_ON_RUST,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_ASK_FOR_NOTE,
+];
+// DEFAULT_SETTINGS, OVERWRITE_SETTINGS
+pub const KEYS_SETTINGS: &[&str] = &[
+    OPTION_ACCESS_MODE,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_KEYBOARD,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_CAMERA,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_TERMINAL,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_REMOTE_PRINTER,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_TUNNEL,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_REMOTE_RESTART,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_RECORD_SESSION,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_BLOCK_INPUT,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_PRIVACY_MODE,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_SCOPE_VIOLATION_CLOSE,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_SCOPE_VIOLATION_ALARM,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_REMOTE_CONFIG_MODIFICATION,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_NUMERNIC_ONE_TIME_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_LAN_DISCOVERY,
+    OPTION_DIRECT_SERVER,
+    OPTION_DIRECT_ACCESS_PORT,
+    OPTION_WHITELIST,
+    OPTION_ID_WHITELIST,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_DISCONNECT,
+    OPTION_AUTO_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_ONLY_CONN_WINDOW_OPEN,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_INCOMING,
+    OPTION_WINDOWS_SERVICE_VIDEO_SAVE_DIRECTORY,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_ABR,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_REMOVE_WALLPAPER,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_ALWAYS_SOFTWARE_RENDER,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC,
+    OPTION_APPROVE_MODE,
+    OPTION_VERIFICATION_METHOD,
+    OPTION_TEMPORARY_PASSWORD_LENGTH,
+    OPTION_PROXY_URL,
+    OPTION_PROXY_USERNAME,
+    OPTION_PROXY_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_CUSTOM_RENDEZVOUS_SERVER,
+    OPTION_API_SERVER,
+    OPTION_KEY,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_WEBSOCKET,
+    OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_NAME,
+    OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_TAG,
+    OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_ALIAS,
+    OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_PRESET_ADDRESS_BOOK_NOTE,
+    OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_USERNAME,
+    OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_NAME,
+    OPTION_PRESET_NOTE,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_DIRECTX_CAPTURE,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_ANDROID_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_HALF_SCALE,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_TRUSTED_DEVICES,
+    OPTION_RELAY_SERVER,
+    OPTION_ICE_SERVERS,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_UDP,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_INSECURE_TLS_FALLBACK,
+    OPTION_KEEP_AWAKE_DURING_INCOMING_SESSIONS,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_UPDATE,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_KCP_CC,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_WEBRTC_CC,
+];
+
+// BUILDIN_SETTINGS
+pub const KEYS_BUILDIN_SETTINGS: &[&str] = &[
+    OPTION_DISPLAY_NAME,
+    OPTION_AVATAR,
+    OPTION_PRESET_DEVICE_GROUP_NAME,
+    OPTION_PRESET_USERNAME,
+    OPTION_PRESET_STRATEGY_NAME,
+    OPTION_REMOVE_PRESET_PASSWORD_WARNING,
+    OPTION_HIDE_GENERAL_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_SECURITY_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_SERVER_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_PROXY_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_REMOTE_PRINTER_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_WEBSOCKET_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_HIDE_STOP_SERVICE,
+    OPTION_HIDE_USERNAME_ON_CARD,
+    OPTION_HIDE_HELP_CARDS,
+    OPTION_DEFAULT_CONNECT_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_HIDE_TRAY,
+    OPTION_ONE_WAY_CLIPBOARD_REDIRECTION,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_LOGON_SCREEN_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_DEEP_LINK_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_DEEP_LINK_SERVER_SETTINGS,
+    OPTION_ONE_WAY_FILE_TRANSFER,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_HTTPS_21114,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_HOSTNAME_AS_ID,
+    OPTION_REGISTER_DEVICE,
+    OPTION_HIDE_POWERED_BY_ME,
+    OPTION_MAIN_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP,
+    OPTION_FILE_TRANSFER_MAX_FILES,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_CHANGE_PERMANENT_PASSWORD,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_CHANGE_ID,
+    OPTION_DISABLE_UNLOCK_PIN,
+    OPTION_USE_RAW_TCP_FOR_API,
+    OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW,
+    OPTION_ALLOW_COMMAND_LINE_SETTINGS_WHEN_SETTINGS_DISABLED,
+];
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    /// The glob above and the constants below share one namespace, and Rust
+    /// silently prefers the explicit item over a glob import. A key defined on
+    /// both sides would therefore compile, with the client and the server
+    /// disagreeing about its string value and nothing to signal it. Keep the
+    /// two sets apart.
+    #[test]
+    fn key_names_do_not_collide_with_hbb_common() {
+        fn names(src: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+            src.lines()
+                .filter_map(|l| l.trim().strip_prefix("pub const "))
+                .filter_map(|l| l.split(':').next())
+                .map(str::trim)
+                .filter(|n| n.starts_with("OPTION_") || n.starts_with("KEYS_"))
+                .collect()
+        }
+
+        let here = names(include_str!("keys.rs"));
+        let there = names(include_str!("../../../hbb_common/src/config.rs"));
+        assert!(
+            !here.is_empty() && !there.is_empty(),
+            "key parsing found nothing"
+        );
+
+        let both: Vec<_> = here.iter().filter(|n| there.contains(n)).collect();
+        assert!(
+            both.is_empty(),
+            "defined in both crates, so the local one shadows hbb_common's \
+             with no diagnostic: {:?}",
+            both
+        );
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/config/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod keys;
--- a/libs/base/src/fs.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/fs.rs
--- a/libs/base/src/keyboard.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/keyboard.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use std::{fmt, slice::Iter, str::FromStr};
+
+use crate::protos::message::KeyboardMode;
+
+impl fmt::Display for KeyboardMode {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            KeyboardMode::Legacy => write!(f, "legacy"),
+            KeyboardMode::Map => write!(f, "map"),
+            KeyboardMode::Translate => write!(f, "translate"),
+            KeyboardMode::Auto => write!(f, "auto"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for KeyboardMode {
+    type Err = ();
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        match s {
+            "legacy" => Ok(KeyboardMode::Legacy),
+            "map" => Ok(KeyboardMode::Map),
+            "translate" => Ok(KeyboardMode::Translate),
+            "auto" => Ok(KeyboardMode::Auto),
+            _ => Err(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl KeyboardMode {
+    pub fn iter() -> Iter<'static, KeyboardMode> {
+        static KEYBOARD_MODES: [KeyboardMode; 4] = [
+            KeyboardMode::Legacy,
+            KeyboardMode::Map,
+            KeyboardMode::Translate,
+            KeyboardMode::Auto,
+        ];
+        KEYBOARD_MODES.iter()
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+pub mod config;
+pub mod fs;
+pub mod keyboard;
+pub mod platform;
+pub mod protos;
+
+pub use protos::message as message_proto;
--- a/libs/base/src/platform/linux.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/platform/linux.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,618 @@
+use hbb_common::ResultType;
+// Kept in hbb_common because `config::patch()` needs the shell lookup; re-exported
+// here so the long-standing `platform::linux::CMD_SH` paths are unchanged.
+pub use hbb_common::sh::{run_cmds_trim_newline, CMD_LOGINCTL, CMD_PS, CMD_SH};
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Command,
+};
+use users::{get_current_uid, get_user_by_uid, os::unix::UserExt};
+
+use sctk::{
+    output::OutputData,
+    output::{OutputHandler, OutputState},
+    reexports::client::protocol::wl_output::WlOutput,
+    reexports::client::{globals, Proxy},
+    reexports::client::{Connection, QueueHandle},
+    registry::{ProvidesRegistryState, RegistryState},
+};
+
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    pub static ref DISTRO: Distro = Distro::new();
+}
+
+pub const DISPLAY_SERVER_WAYLAND: &str = "wayland";
+pub const DISPLAY_SERVER_X11: &str = "x11";
+pub const DISPLAY_DESKTOP_KDE: &str = "KDE";
+
+pub const XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP: &str = "XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP";
+
+pub struct Distro {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub version_id: String,
+}
+
+impl Distro {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        let name = run_cmds("awk -F'=' '/^NAME=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release")
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .trim()
+            .trim_matches('"')
+            .to_string();
+        let version_id = run_cmds("awk -F'=' '/^VERSION_ID=/ {print $2}' /etc/os-release")
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+            .trim()
+            .trim_matches('"')
+            .to_string();
+        Self { name, version_id }
+    }
+}
+
+// Deprecated. Use `base::platform::linux::is_kde_session()` instead for now.
+// Or we need to set the correct environment variable in the server process.
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_kde() -> bool {
+    if let Ok(env) = std::env::var(XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP) {
+        env == DISPLAY_DESKTOP_KDE
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+// Don't use `base::platform::linux::is_kde()` here.
+// It's not correct in the server process.
+pub fn is_kde_session() -> bool {
+    std::process::Command::new(CMD_SH.as_str())
+        .arg("-c")
+        .arg("pgrep -f kded[0-9]+")
+        .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+        .output()
+        .map(|o| !o.stdout.is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_gdm_user(username: &str) -> bool {
+    username == "gdm" || username == "sddm"
+    // || username == "lightgdm"
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_desktop_wayland() -> bool {
+    get_display_server() == DISPLAY_SERVER_WAYLAND
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn is_x11_or_headless() -> bool {
+    !is_desktop_wayland()
+}
+
+// -1
+const INVALID_SESSION: &str = "4294967295";
+
+pub fn get_display_server() -> String {
+    // Check for forced display server environment variable first
+    if let Ok(forced_display) = std::env::var("RUSTDESK_FORCED_DISPLAY_SERVER") {
+        return forced_display;
+    }
+
+    // Check if `loginctl` can be called successfully
+    if run_loginctl(None).is_err() {
+        return DISPLAY_SERVER_X11.to_owned();
+    }
+
+    let mut session = get_values_of_seat0(&[0])[0].clone();
+    if session.is_empty() {
+        // loginctl has not given the expected output.  try something else.
+        if let Ok(sid) = std::env::var("XDG_SESSION_ID") {
+            // could also execute "cat /proc/self/sessionid"
+            session = sid;
+        }
+        if session.is_empty() {
+            session = run_cmds("cat /proc/self/sessionid").unwrap_or_default();
+            if session == INVALID_SESSION {
+                session = "".to_owned();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if session.is_empty() {
+        std::env::var("XDG_SESSION_TYPE").unwrap_or("x11".to_owned())
+    } else {
+        get_display_server_of_session(&session)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_display_server_of_session(session: &str) -> String {
+    let mut display_server = if let Ok(output) =
+        run_loginctl(Some(vec!["show-session", "-p", "Type", session]))
+    // Check session type of the session
+    {
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout)
+            .replace("Type=", "")
+            .trim_end()
+            .into()
+    } else {
+        "".to_owned()
+    };
+    if display_server.is_empty() || display_server == "tty" || display_server == "unspecified" {
+        if let Ok(sestype) = std::env::var("XDG_SESSION_TYPE") {
+            if !sestype.is_empty() {
+                return sestype.to_lowercase();
+            }
+        }
+        display_server = "x11".to_owned();
+    }
+    display_server.to_lowercase()
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn line_values(indices: &[usize], line: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    indices
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|idx| line.split_whitespace().nth(*idx).unwrap_or("").to_owned())
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn get_values_of_seat0(indices: &[usize]) -> Vec<String> {
+    _get_values_of_seat0(indices, true)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn get_values_of_seat0_with_gdm_wayland(indices: &[usize]) -> Vec<String> {
+    _get_values_of_seat0(indices, false)
+}
+
+// Ignore "3 sessions listed."
+fn ignore_loginctl_line(line: &str) -> bool {
+    line.contains("sessions") || line.split(" ").count() < 4
+}
+
+fn _get_values_of_seat0(indices: &[usize], ignore_gdm_wayland: bool) -> Vec<String> {
+    if let Ok(output) = run_loginctl(None) {
+        for line in String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).lines() {
+            if ignore_loginctl_line(line) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if line.contains("seat0") {
+                if let Some(sid) = line.split_whitespace().next() {
+                    if is_active(sid) {
+                        if ignore_gdm_wayland {
+                            if is_gdm_user(line.split_whitespace().nth(2).unwrap_or(""))
+                                && get_display_server_of_session(sid) == DISPLAY_SERVER_WAYLAND
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return line_values(indices, line);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // some case, there is no seat0 https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/issues/73
+        for line in String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).lines() {
+            if ignore_loginctl_line(line) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if let Some(sid) = line.split_whitespace().next() {
+                if is_active(sid) {
+                    let d = get_display_server_of_session(sid);
+                    if ignore_gdm_wayland {
+                        if is_gdm_user(line.split_whitespace().nth(2).unwrap_or(""))
+                            && d == DISPLAY_SERVER_WAYLAND
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if d == "tty" || d == "unspecified" {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return line_values(indices, line);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    line_values(indices, "")
+}
+
+pub fn is_active(sid: &str) -> bool {
+    if let Ok(output) = run_loginctl(Some(vec!["show-session", "-p", "State", sid])) {
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).contains("active")
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn is_active_and_seat0(sid: &str) -> bool {
+    if let Ok(output) = run_loginctl(Some(vec!["show-session", sid])) {
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).contains("State=active")
+            && String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).contains("Seat=seat0")
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+// Check both "Lock" and "Switch user"
+pub fn is_session_locked(sid: &str) -> bool {
+    if let Ok(output) = run_loginctl(Some(vec!["show-session", sid, "--property=LockedHint"])) {
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).contains("LockedHint=yes")
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+// **Note** that the return value here, the last character is '\n'.
+// Use `run_cmds_trim_newline()` if you want to remove '\n' at the end.
+pub fn run_cmds(cmds: &str) -> ResultType<String> {
+    let output = std::process::Command::new(CMD_SH.as_str())
+        .args(vec!["-c", cmds])
+        .output()?;
+    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string())
+}
+
+fn run_loginctl(args: Option<Vec<&str>>) -> std::io::Result<std::process::Output> {
+    if std::env::var("FLATPAK_ID").is_ok() {
+        let mut l_args = CMD_LOGINCTL.to_string();
+        if let Some(a) = args.as_ref() {
+            l_args = format!("{} {}", l_args, a.join(" "));
+        }
+        let res = std::process::Command::new("flatpak-spawn")
+            .args(vec![String::from("--host"), l_args])
+            .output();
+        if res.is_ok() {
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+    let mut cmd = std::process::Command::new(CMD_LOGINCTL.as_str());
+    if let Some(a) = args {
+        return cmd.args(a).output();
+    }
+    cmd.output()
+}
+
+/// forever: may not work
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+pub fn system_message(title: &str, msg: &str, forever: bool) -> ResultType<()> {
+    let cmds: HashMap<&str, Vec<&str>> = HashMap::from([
+        ("notify-send", [title, msg].to_vec()),
+        (
+            "zenity",
+            [
+                "--info",
+                "--timeout",
+                if forever { "0" } else { "3" },
+                "--title",
+                title,
+                "--text",
+                msg,
+            ]
+            .to_vec(),
+        ),
+        ("kdialog", ["--title", title, "--msgbox", msg].to_vec()),
+        (
+            "xmessage",
+            [
+                "-center",
+                "-timeout",
+                if forever { "0" } else { "3" },
+                title,
+                msg,
+            ]
+            .to_vec(),
+        ),
+    ]);
+    for (k, v) in cmds {
+        if Command::new(k).args(v).spawn().is_ok() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
+    hbb_common::bail!("failed to post system message");
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, serde_derive::Serialize, serde_derive::Deserialize)]
+pub struct WaylandDisplayInfo {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub x: i32,
+    pub y: i32,
+    pub width: i32,
+    pub height: i32,
+    pub logical_size: Option<(i32, i32)>,
+    pub refresh_rate: i32,
+    /// Output rotation in degrees (0/90/180/270), from `wl_output.geometry`. The mode keeps its
+    /// unrotated dimensions and `logical_size` arrives already swapped, so without this field a
+    /// rotated output is indistinguishable from a scaled one. Flipped variants map to their
+    /// rotation. Defaulted so a serialized snapshot from an older probe child still deserializes.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub transform: i32,
+}
+
+/// The isolated socket-probe fallback, in its own file and behind the `wayland_probe` feature so
+/// the base Wayland path never compiles it. The DRM login-screen build turns it on.
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland_probe")]
+pub mod wayland_probe;
+#[cfg(feature = "wayland_probe")]
+pub use wayland_probe::{wayland_display_probe_child_main, WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG};
+
+// Retrieves information about all connected displays via the Wayland protocol.
+pub fn get_wayland_displays() -> ResultType<Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo>> {
+    // Read before connecting: `connect_to_env` consumes `WAYLAND_SOCKET`. Only the probe fallback
+    // needs this, so it is computed only when that feature is compiled in.
+    #[cfg(feature = "wayland_probe")]
+    let named_endpoint = wayland_probe::env_names_wayland_endpoint();
+    match Connection::connect_to_env() {
+        Ok(conn) => collect_wayland_displays(&conn),
+        // Without the feature, the connect error is final, exactly as before this fallback existed.
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "wayland_probe"))]
+        Err(err) => Err(err.into()),
+        #[cfg(feature = "wayland_probe")]
+        Err(err) => wayland_probe::wayland_displays_from_runtime_dir(named_endpoint)
+            .map_err(|fallback_err| anyhow::anyhow!("{err}; {fallback_err}")),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `wl_output::Transform` as degrees. Flipped variants report their rotation ONLY: wayland
+/// defines them as a vertical-axis mirror followed by the rotation, and the mirror half is
+/// dropped here - a consumer correcting frames by this value serves a flipped output mirrored.
+/// Said once in the log rather than silently, because no compositor of ours produces a flipped
+/// output to measure the mirror half against; carrying it must wait for a measured producer.
+fn transform_degrees(t: sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_output::Transform) -> i32 {
+    use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_output::Transform;
+    match t {
+        Transform::Normal => 0,
+        Transform::_90 => 90,
+        Transform::_180 => 180,
+        Transform::_270 => 270,
+        Transform::Flipped | Transform::Flipped90 | Transform::Flipped180
+        | Transform::Flipped270 => {
+            static FLIPPED_WARNED: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool =
+                std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
+            if !FLIPPED_WARNED.swap(true, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "an output reports a flipped transform ({t:?}); only its rotation is \
+                     corrected, the mirror is not"
+                );
+            }
+            match t {
+                Transform::Flipped90 => 90,
+                Transform::Flipped180 => 180,
+                Transform::Flipped270 => 270,
+                _ => 0,
+            }
+        }
+        _ => 0,
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_wayland_displays(conn: &Connection) -> ResultType<Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo>> {
+    struct WaylandEnv {
+        registry_state: RegistryState,
+        output_state: OutputState,
+    }
+
+    impl OutputHandler for WaylandEnv {
+        fn output_state(&mut self) -> &mut OutputState {
+            &mut self.output_state
+        }
+
+        fn new_output(&mut self, _: &Connection, _: &QueueHandle<Self>, _: WlOutput) {}
+        fn update_output(&mut self, _: &Connection, _: &QueueHandle<Self>, _: WlOutput) {}
+        fn output_destroyed(&mut self, _: &Connection, _: &QueueHandle<Self>, _: WlOutput) {}
+    }
+
+    impl ProvidesRegistryState for WaylandEnv {
+        fn registry(&mut self) -> &mut RegistryState {
+            &mut self.registry_state
+        }
+
+        sctk::registry_handlers![OutputState];
+    }
+
+    sctk::delegate_output!(WaylandEnv);
+    sctk::delegate_registry!(WaylandEnv);
+
+    let (globals, mut event_queue) = globals::registry_queue_init(conn)?;
+    let queue_handle = event_queue.handle();
+
+    let registry_state = RegistryState::new(&globals);
+    let output_state = OutputState::new(&globals, &queue_handle);
+
+    let mut environment = WaylandEnv {
+        registry_state,
+        output_state,
+    };
+
+    event_queue.roundtrip(&mut environment)?;
+
+    let outputs: Vec<_> = environment.output_state.outputs().collect();
+    let mut display_infos = Vec::new();
+
+    for output in outputs {
+        if let Some(output_data) = output.data::<OutputData>() {
+            output_data.with_output_info(|info| {
+                if let Some(mode) = info.modes.iter().find(|m| m.current) {
+                    // wlroots compositors leave wl_output.geometry at (0, 0) for every output and
+                    // publish the real layout only through xdg-output, so taking `location` there
+                    // stacks the whole desktop on the origin. Mutter fills both, so this stays a
+                    // no-op on GNOME.
+                    let (x, y) = info.logical_position.unwrap_or(info.location);
+                    let (width, height) = mode.dimensions;
+                    let refresh_rate = mode.refresh_rate;
+                    let name = info.name.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+                    let logical_size = info.logical_size;
+                    let transform = transform_degrees(info.transform);
+                    display_infos.push(WaylandDisplayInfo {
+                        name,
+                        x,
+                        y,
+                        width,
+                        height,
+                        logical_size,
+                        refresh_rate,
+                        transform,
+                    });
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(display_infos)
+}
+
+/// Escape a string for safe use in shell commands by wrapping in single quotes.
+///
+/// This function handles the edge case of single quotes within the string by:
+/// 1. Ending the current single-quoted section
+/// 2. Adding an escaped single quote
+/// 3. Starting a new single-quoted section
+///
+/// Example: "it's here" -> "'it'\''s here'"
+#[inline]
+pub fn shell_quote(s: &str) -> String {
+    format!("'{}'", s.replace("'", "'\\''"))
+}
+
+/// Get the current user's home directory via getpwuid (trusted source).
+///
+/// This function uses the system's password database (via `getpwuid`) to retrieve
+/// the home directory, avoiding the security risk of relying on the `HOME`
+/// environment variable which can be manipulated by untrusted input.
+///
+/// # Returns
+/// - `Some(PathBuf)` if the home directory was found and exists
+/// - `None` if the user lookup failed or the directory doesn't exist
+///
+/// # Security
+/// This function is designed to be safe against confused-deputy attacks where
+/// an attacker might manipulate environment variables to influence privileged
+/// operations.
+pub fn get_home_dir_trusted() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+    let uid = get_current_uid();
+    match get_user_by_uid(uid) {
+        Some(user) => {
+            let home = user.home_dir();
+            if Path::is_dir(home) {
+                Some(PathBuf::from(home))
+            } else {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "Home directory for uid {} does not exist or is not a directory: {:?}",
+                    uid,
+                    home
+                );
+                None
+            }
+        }
+        None => {
+            log::warn!("Failed to get user info for uid {}", uid);
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_transform_degrees_maps_all_eight_variants() {
+        use sctk::reexports::client::protocol::wl_output::Transform;
+        // Flipped variants report their rotation: the frame still needs that turn to read
+        // upright, and the mirror half has no producer among desktop compositors to test.
+        for (t, deg) in [
+            (Transform::Normal, 0),
+            (Transform::_90, 90),
+            (Transform::_180, 180),
+            (Transform::_270, 270),
+            (Transform::Flipped, 0),
+            (Transform::Flipped90, 90),
+            (Transform::Flipped180, 180),
+            (Transform::Flipped270, 270),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(transform_degrees(t), deg, "{t:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_display_info_without_transform_defaults_to_zero() {
+        // A snapshot serialized by an older probe child carries no transform field; it must
+        // deserialize with 0 rather than fail, or a greeter-side child update becomes a
+        // lockstep upgrade.
+        let old = r#"{"name":"HDMI-1","x":0,"y":0,"width":1920,"height":1080,"logical_size":null,"refresh_rate":60}"#;
+        let info: WaylandDisplayInfo = serde_json::from_str(old).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(info.transform, 0);
+        let roundtrip: WaylandDisplayInfo =
+            serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(&info).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(roundtrip.transform, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_run_cmds_trim_newline() {
+        assert_eq!(run_cmds_trim_newline("echo -n 123").unwrap(), "123");
+        assert_eq!(run_cmds_trim_newline("echo 123").unwrap(), "123");
+        assert_eq!(
+            run_cmds_trim_newline("whoami").unwrap() + "\n",
+            run_cmds("whoami").unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// Test get_home_dir_trusted: returns valid path and ignores HOME env var
+    #[test]
+    fn test_get_home_dir_trusted() {
+        let original_home = std::env::var("HOME").ok();
+
+        // Set HOME to a fake/malicious path
+        std::env::set_var("HOME", "/tmp/fake_malicious_home");
+        let result = get_home_dir_trusted();
+
+        // Restore original HOME
+        match original_home {
+            Some(home) => std::env::set_var("HOME", home),
+            None => std::env::remove_var("HOME"),
+        }
+
+        // Verify: returns valid path that is NOT the fake HOME
+        if let Some(path) = result {
+            assert!(path.is_absolute(), "Path should be absolute: {:?}", path);
+            assert!(path.is_dir(), "Path should be a directory: {:?}", path);
+            assert_ne!(
+                path.to_string_lossy(),
+                "/tmp/fake_malicious_home",
+                "Should not use HOME env var"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Test shell_quote with normal strings
+    #[test]
+    fn test_shell_quote_normal() {
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("hello"), "'hello'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("/home/user"), "'/home/user'");
+    }
+
+    /// Test shell_quote with spaces
+    #[test]
+    fn test_shell_quote_spaces() {
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("/home/my user/file"), "'/home/my user/file'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("path with spaces"), "'path with spaces'");
+    }
+
+    /// Test shell_quote with single quotes (the tricky case)
+    #[test]
+    fn test_shell_quote_single_quotes() {
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("it's"), "'it'\\''s'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("don't stop"), "'don'\\''t stop'");
+    }
+
+    /// Test shell_quote with shell metacharacters
+    #[test]
+    fn test_shell_quote_metacharacters() {
+        // These should all be safely quoted
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("test;rm -rf /"), "'test;rm -rf /'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("$(whoami)"), "'$(whoami)'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("`id`"), "'`id`'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("a && b"), "'a && b'");
+        assert_eq!(shell_quote("a | b"), "'a | b'");
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/platform/linux/wayland_probe.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/platform/linux/wayland_probe.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+//! Isolated Wayland display probe: enumerates a compositor over a runtime-directory socket when
+//! the environment names no endpoint (a greeter's `--server` and the root service are given no
+//! compositor variables). Gated behind the `wayland_probe` feature so the base Wayland path is
+//! untouched — a consumer that does not build the DRM login-screen backend never compiles this,
+//! and `get_wayland_displays` keeps its original behavior of returning the connect error.
+
+use super::{collect_wayland_displays, get_values_of_seat0_with_gdm_wayland, WaylandDisplayInfo};
+use hbb_common::{bail, ResultType};
+use sctk::reexports::client::Connection;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+const RUNTIME_DIR_PROBE_TIMEOUT: std::time::Duration = std::time::Duration::from_secs(2);
+
+/// The argument the consumer binary must dispatch to `wayland_display_probe_child_main` before
+/// any other startup work; see that function for why the probe is its own process.
+pub const WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG: &str = "--wayland-display-probe";
+
+/// First stdout line of a probe child. A binary that does not dispatch the arg never prints it.
+const WAYLAND_PROBE_MAGIC: &str = "wayland-display-probe-v1";
+
+/// Latched on a failed handshake: a consumer that does not dispatch the probe arg runs its NORMAL
+/// startup instead, and this path re-enters every enumeration cycle.
+static PROBE_UNSUPPORTED: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool = std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+static RUNTIME_DIR_PROBE_BUSY: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool =
+    std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+/// Clears the in-flight flag on every exit path of the parent, error arms included.
+struct ProbeBusyGuard;
+
+impl Drop for ProbeBusyGuard {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        RUNTIME_DIR_PROBE_BUSY.store(false, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Release);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Entry point of the isolated probe process. The consumer binary dispatches
+/// `WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG` here first, before config, logging or any other startup work.
+///
+/// Its own process because the release profile builds with panic=abort: sctk panics on malformed
+/// protocol bytes, and in-process that abort takes the whole server down. Here it takes down only
+/// this child, which the parent reports as a failed probe. The seat0 lookup also runs in here, so
+/// the parent's single deadline bounds the loginctl reads too.
+pub fn wayland_display_probe_child_main() -> ! {
+    use std::io::Write;
+    // The handshake first, so the parent can tell this entry point ran and not a consumer binary
+    // that fell through to its normal startup.
+    println!("{WAYLAND_PROBE_MAGIC}");
+    let _ = std::io::stdout().flush();
+    let code = match seat0_runtime_dir()
+        .and_then(|dir| {
+            drop_to_dir_owner(&dir)?;
+            probe_runtime_dir(&dir)
+        })
+        .and_then(|displays| serde_json::to_string(&displays).map_err(anyhow::Error::from))
+    {
+        Ok(json) => {
+            println!("{json}");
+            0
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!("{err:#}");
+            1
+        }
+    };
+    let _ = std::io::stdout().flush();
+    std::process::exit(code)
+}
+
+static ENDPOINT_WAS_NAMED: std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool =
+    std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+/// Whether the environment ever named a wayland endpoint in this process. Empty is not a name.
+///
+/// Read before `connect_to_env`, which removes `WAYLAND_SOCKET` from the environment on both its
+/// success and its bad-fd path; and latched, so a consumed variable cannot turn a process that WAS
+/// pointed at a compositor into one that is free to go looking for another.
+pub(super) fn env_names_wayland_endpoint() -> bool {
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+    let named = ["WAYLAND_DISPLAY", "WAYLAND_SOCKET"]
+        .iter()
+        .any(|key| std::env::var_os(key).is_some_and(|value| !value.is_empty()));
+    if named {
+        ENDPOINT_WAS_NAMED.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+    }
+    ENDPOINT_WAS_NAMED.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+}
+
+/// The probe parses compositor-controlled protocol data; a root service must not do that as
+/// root. Before touching the socket, become the runtime directory's owner — and refuse to probe
+/// at all if the drop fails, since staying root is the one unacceptable outcome.
+fn drop_to_dir_owner(dir: &Path) -> ResultType<()> {
+    if unsafe { libc::geteuid() } != 0 {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+    let meta = std::fs::metadata(dir)?;
+    let (uid, gid) = (meta.uid(), meta.gid());
+    if uid == 0 {
+        // Root's own session: there is no boundary to cross and nothing to drop to.
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        if libc::setgroups(0, std::ptr::null()) != 0
+            || libc::setgid(gid) != 0
+            || libc::setuid(uid) != 0
+            || libc::setuid(0) == 0
+        {
+            bail!("could not drop privileges for the socket probe");
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// `/run/user/<uid>` of the active seat0 session, a greeter included.
+///
+/// Derived from the uid rather than read from `XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`: the root service is given no such
+/// variable, and `get_home_dir_trusted` refuses to trust the environment for the same reason.
+fn seat0_runtime_dir() -> ResultType<PathBuf> {
+    let uid = get_values_of_seat0_with_gdm_wayland(&[1]).remove(0);
+    if uid.is_empty() || !uid.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) {
+        bail!("no active seat0 session to take a runtime directory from");
+    }
+    Ok(PathBuf::from(format!("/run/user/{uid}")))
+}
+
+/// The wayland sockets present in `dir`, lowest display number first.
+///
+/// Scanned rather than guessed: `wl_display_add_socket_auto` takes the first FREE name up to
+/// `wayland-32`, and a greeter is where leftovers accumulate across compositor restarts. Only that
+/// name pattern, because the same directory holds pipewire and dbus sockets.
+fn wayland_sockets_in(dir: &Path) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::FileTypeExt;
+    let mut paths: Vec<PathBuf> = match std::fs::read_dir(dir) {
+        Ok(entries) => entries
+            .flatten()
+            .filter(|entry| {
+                let name = entry.file_name();
+                let name = name.to_string_lossy();
+                name.starts_with("wayland-")
+                    && !name.ends_with(".lock")
+                    && entry.file_type().map(|t| t.is_socket()).unwrap_or(false)
+            })
+            .map(|entry| entry.path())
+            .collect(),
+        Err(_) => Vec::new(),
+    };
+    paths.sort_by_key(|path| {
+        path.file_name()
+            .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
+            .and_then(|name| name.strip_prefix("wayland-"))
+            .and_then(|number| number.parse::<u32>().ok())
+            .unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
+    });
+    paths
+}
+
+/// Enumerate through a socket in the seat0 runtime directory, for the case where nothing named an
+/// endpoint: a greeter's `--server` and the root service are given no compositor variables, so
+/// nothing tells the enumerator where a compositor that IS running lives. An endpoint that WAS
+/// named and failed must not silently reattach to a different compositor.
+///
+/// In a subprocess and bounded, because the caller holds a process-wide lock across the call while
+/// `connect(2)` parks on a full backlog and sctk's roundtrip polls without a deadline; and because
+/// sctk panics on malformed output events, which the release profile's panic=abort turns into an
+/// abort of the whole server. A child dies alone, and on the deadline it is killed instead of
+/// leaking a thread. The seat0 lookup runs inside the child, under the same deadline.
+pub(super) fn wayland_displays_from_runtime_dir(
+    named_endpoint: bool,
+) -> ResultType<Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo>> {
+    use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+    if named_endpoint {
+        bail!("an explicit wayland endpoint is set and did not connect");
+    }
+    if PROBE_UNSUPPORTED.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+        bail!("this binary does not dispatch {WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG}");
+    }
+    if RUNTIME_DIR_PROBE_BUSY.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel) {
+        bail!("an earlier probe has not returned");
+    }
+    let _busy = ProbeBusyGuard;
+    let exe = std::env::current_exe()?;
+    // Its own process group, so the deadline can kill loginctl descendants along with the child,
+    // and so no surviving descendant can hold the pipes open past the reads below.
+    use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+    let mut child = std::process::Command::new(exe)
+        .arg(WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG)
+        .stdin(std::process::Stdio::null())
+        .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+        .process_group(0)
+        .spawn()?;
+    let probe_pgid = child.id() as libc::pid_t;
+    let kill_probe_group = || unsafe {
+        let _ = libc::kill(-probe_pgid, libc::SIGKILL);
+    };
+    let deadline = std::time::Instant::now() + RUNTIME_DIR_PROBE_TIMEOUT;
+    let status = loop {
+        match child.try_wait()? {
+            Some(status) => {
+                kill_probe_group();
+                break status;
+            }
+            None if std::time::Instant::now() >= deadline => {
+                kill_probe_group();
+                // The direct pid too, not only its group: if the child left the group its own
+                // kill would miss it, and the wait below would then block on a live child. A
+                // pid-targeted SIGKILL is uncatchable, so wait() is bounded either way.
+                let _ = child.kill();
+                let _ = child.wait();
+                // An unwired binary runs its normal startup, and a long-running one (the
+                // server itself) lands HERE rather than at the handshake check below — latch
+                // on this path too, or every enumeration cycle spawns a full consumer
+                // process. Judged by what the child already wrote: a real probe prints the
+                // magic line first and flushes, so its absence after a whole deadline means
+                // this is not a probe. Only buffered bytes are read — a blocking read could
+                // hang on a grandchild that inherited the write end.
+                match first_buffered_line(child.stdout.take()) {
+                    // The pipe could not be inspected at all: no evidence, no latch.
+                    None => {
+                        bail!("the wayland socket probe timed out and its output was uninspectable")
+                    }
+                    Some(head) if head.as_deref() == Some(WAYLAND_PROBE_MAGIC) => {
+                        bail!("the wayland socket probe did not answer and was killed");
+                    }
+                    Some(_) => {
+                        PROBE_UNSUPPORTED.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+                        bail!("the wayland socket probe timed out without the handshake; probe disabled");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            None => std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(25)),
+        }
+    };
+    // Drained non-blocking, not read_to_string: the child exited so its output is already
+    // buffered, but a descendant that escaped the process group could still hold a write end open
+    // and an EOF-seeking read would then hang here forever.
+    let stdout = drain_nonblocking(child.stdout.take()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let stderr = drain_nonblocking(child.stderr.take()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let mut lines = stdout.lines();
+    if lines.next() != Some(WAYLAND_PROBE_MAGIC) {
+        // Not a probe: the binary ran its normal startup. Latch, or this path would spawn one
+        // full consumer process per enumeration cycle.
+        PROBE_UNSUPPORTED.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+        bail!("this binary does not dispatch {WAYLAND_DISPLAY_PROBE_ARG}; probe disabled");
+    }
+    if !status.success() {
+        let detail = stderr.trim();
+        if detail.is_empty() {
+            // panic=abort or a signal leaves stderr empty; the status is then the only cause.
+            bail!("wayland socket probe failed: {status}");
+        }
+        bail!("wayland socket probe failed ({status}): {detail}");
+    }
+    let displays: Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo> =
+        match serde_json::from_str(lines.next().unwrap_or_default()) {
+            Ok(displays) => displays,
+            Err(err) => bail!("wayland socket probe answered a malformed list: {err}"),
+        };
+    // The child already refuses an empty list; refuse it here too, so a truncated pipe cannot
+    // become a cached-for-life empty enumeration.
+    if displays.is_empty() {
+        bail!("wayland socket probe returned no outputs");
+    }
+    log::debug!(
+        "wayland: {} output(s) via the probe subprocess",
+        displays.len()
+    );
+    Ok(displays)
+}
+
+/// Everything already buffered in the pipe, read strictly non-blocking and capped: a descendant
+/// that escaped the probe's process group can hold a write end open, so a blocking read (even
+/// after the child exits) could hang the enumeration forever. `None` means the pipe could not be
+/// INSPECTED (missing handle or fcntl failure) and must not be read as evidence of anything;
+/// `Some` is whatever bytes were buffered, whether or not EOF arrived.
+fn drain_nonblocking<R: std::io::Read + std::os::fd::AsRawFd>(pipe: Option<R>) -> Option<String> {
+    let mut pipe = pipe?;
+    let fd = pipe.as_raw_fd();
+    unsafe {
+        let flags = libc::fcntl(fd, libc::F_GETFL);
+        if flags < 0 || libc::fcntl(fd, libc::F_SETFL, flags | libc::O_NONBLOCK) < 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+    // Capped so a descendant that keeps writing cannot spin this read forever.
+    const CAP: usize = 64 * 1024;
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let mut buf = [0u8; 4096];
+    loop {
+        match pipe.read(&mut buf) {
+            Ok(0) => break, // EOF: the write end is fully closed
+            Ok(n) => {
+                out.extend_from_slice(&buf[..n]);
+                if out.len() >= CAP {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) if err.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+            // WouldBlock: what is buffered is drained (a descendant may still hold the writer).
+            // Any other error: stop with what we have.
+            Err(_) => break,
+        }
+    }
+    Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(&out).into_owned())
+}
+
+/// The first line the child buffered, for the timeout latch decision. `Some(None)` is an
+/// inspected-but-empty buffer (genuine absence of the handshake); outer `None` is uninspectable.
+fn first_buffered_line(pipe: Option<std::process::ChildStdout>) -> Option<Option<String>> {
+    drain_nonblocking(pipe).map(|s| s.lines().next().map(str::to_owned))
+}
+
+fn probe_runtime_dir(dir: &Path) -> ResultType<Vec<WaylandDisplayInfo>> {
+    use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
+    let mut errs = Vec::new();
+    for path in wayland_sockets_in(dir) {
+        match UnixStream::connect(&path)
+            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+            .and_then(|s| Connection::from_socket(s).map_err(anyhow::Error::from))
+            .and_then(|conn| collect_wayland_displays(&conn))
+        {
+            // The caller caches an empty list as ground truth for the process lifetime, and a
+            // compositor still probing its monitors is exactly what this path connects to.
+            Ok(displays) if displays.is_empty() => {
+                errs.push(format!("{}: no outputs yet", path.display()))
+            }
+            Ok(displays) => {
+                // Which socket answered, when nothing in the environment named one.
+                log::debug!(
+                    "wayland: {} output(s) from {}, found by scanning",
+                    displays.len(),
+                    path.display()
+                );
+                return Ok(displays);
+            }
+            Err(err) => errs.push(format!("{}: {err}", path.display())),
+        }
+    }
+    bail!(
+        "no usable wayland socket in {} ({})",
+        dir.display(),
+        if errs.is_empty() {
+            "none present".to_owned()
+        } else {
+            errs.join("; ")
+        }
+    )
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/platform/macos.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/platform/macos.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+use hbb_common::ResultType;
+use osascript;
+use serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct AlertParams {
+    title: String,
+    message: String,
+    alert_type: String,
+    buttons: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct AlertResult {
+    #[serde(rename = "buttonReturned")]
+    button: String,
+}
+
+/// Firstly run the specified app, then alert a dialog. Return the clicked button value.
+///
+/// # Arguments
+///
+/// * `app` - The app to execute the script.
+/// * `alert_type` - Alert type. . informational, warning, critical
+/// * `title` - The alert title.
+/// * `message` - The alert message.
+/// * `buttons` - The buttons to show.
+pub fn alert(
+    app: String,
+    alert_type: String,
+    title: String,
+    message: String,
+    buttons: Vec<String>,
+) -> ResultType<String> {
+    let script = osascript::JavaScript::new(&format!(
+        "
+    var App = Application('{}');
+    App.includeStandardAdditions = true;
+    return App.displayAlert($params.title, {{
+        message: $params.message,
+        'as': $params.alert_type,
+        buttons: $params.buttons,
+    }});
+    ",
+        app
+    ));
+
+    let result: AlertResult = script.execute_with_params(AlertParams {
+        title,
+        message,
+        alert_type,
+        buttons,
+    })?;
+    Ok(result.button)
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/platform/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/platform/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+pub mod linux;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+pub mod macos;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
+pub mod windows;
+
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+use hbb_common::{config::Config, log};
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+use std::process::exit;
+
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+static mut GLOBAL_CALLBACK: Option<Box<dyn Fn()>> = None;
+
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+extern "C" fn breakdown_signal_handler(sig: i32) {
+    let mut stack = vec![];
+    backtrace::trace(|frame| {
+        backtrace::resolve_frame(frame, |symbol| {
+            if let Some(name) = symbol.name() {
+                stack.push(name.to_string());
+            }
+        });
+        true // keep going to the next frame
+    });
+    let mut info = String::default();
+    if stack.iter().any(|s| {
+        s.contains(&"nouveau_pushbuf_kick")
+            || s.to_lowercase().contains("nvidia")
+            || s.contains("gdk_window_end_draw_frame")
+            || s.contains("glGetString")
+    }) {
+        Config::set_option("allow-always-software-render".to_string(), "Y".to_string());
+        info = "Always use software rendering will be set.".to_string();
+        log::info!("{}", info);
+    }
+    if stack.iter().any(|s| {
+        s.to_lowercase().contains("nvidia")
+            || s.to_lowercase().contains("amf")
+            || s.to_lowercase().contains("mfx")
+            || s.contains("cuProfilerStop")
+    }) {
+        Config::set_option("enable-hwcodec".to_string(), "N".to_string());
+        info = "Perhaps hwcodec causing the crash, disable it first".to_string();
+        log::info!("{}", info);
+    }
+    log::error!(
+        "Got signal {} and exit. stack:\n{}",
+        sig,
+        stack.join("\n").to_string()
+    );
+    if !info.is_empty() {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        linux::system_message(
+            "RustDesk",
+            &format!("Got signal {} and exit.{}", sig, info),
+            true,
+        )
+        .ok();
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        #[allow(static_mut_refs)]
+        if let Some(callback) = &GLOBAL_CALLBACK {
+            callback()
+        }
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+pub fn register_breakdown_handler<T>(callback: T)
+where
+    T: Fn() + 'static,
+{
+    unsafe {
+        GLOBAL_CALLBACK = Some(Box::new(callback));
+        libc::signal(libc::SIGSEGV, breakdown_signal_handler as _);
+    }
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/platform/windows.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/platform/windows.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+use std::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+    time::Instant,
+};
+use winapi::{
+    shared::minwindef::{DWORD, FALSE, TRUE},
+    um::{
+        handleapi::CloseHandle,
+        pdh::{
+            PdhAddEnglishCounterA, PdhCloseQuery, PdhCollectQueryData, PdhCollectQueryDataEx,
+            PdhGetFormattedCounterValue, PdhOpenQueryA, PDH_FMT_COUNTERVALUE, PDH_FMT_DOUBLE,
+            PDH_HCOUNTER, PDH_HQUERY,
+        },
+        synchapi::{CreateEventA, WaitForSingleObject},
+        sysinfoapi::VerSetConditionMask,
+        winbase::{VerifyVersionInfoW, INFINITE, WAIT_OBJECT_0},
+        winnt::{
+            HANDLE, OSVERSIONINFOEXW, VER_BUILDNUMBER, VER_GREATER_EQUAL, VER_MAJORVERSION,
+            VER_MINORVERSION, VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, VER_SERVICEPACKMINOR,
+        },
+    },
+};
+
+lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+    static ref CPU_USAGE_ONE_MINUTE: Arc<Mutex<Option<(f64, Instant)>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+}
+
+// https://github.com/mgostIH/process_list/blob/master/src/windows/mod.rs
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct RAIIHandle(pub HANDLE);
+
+impl Drop for RAIIHandle {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // This never gives problem except when running under a debugger.
+        unsafe { CloseHandle(self.0) };
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(self) struct RAIIPDHQuery(pub PDH_HQUERY);
+
+impl Drop for RAIIPDHQuery {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe { PdhCloseQuery(self.0) };
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn start_cpu_performance_monitor() {
+    // Code from:
+    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/perfctrs/collecting-performance-data
+    // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/pdh/nf-pdh-pdhcollectquerydataex
+    // Why value lower than taskManager:
+    // https://aaron-margosis.medium.com/task-managers-cpu-numbers-are-all-but-meaningless-2d165b421e43
+    // Therefore we should compare with Precess Explorer rather than taskManager
+
+    let f = || unsafe {
+        // load avg or cpu usage, test with prime95.
+        // Prefer cpu usage because we can get accurate value from Precess Explorer.
+        // const COUNTER_PATH: &'static str = "\\System\\Processor Queue Length\0";
+        const COUNTER_PATH: &'static str = "\\Processor(_total)\\% Processor Time\0";
+        const SAMPLE_INTERVAL: DWORD = 2; // 2 second
+
+        let mut ret;
+        let mut query: PDH_HQUERY = std::mem::zeroed();
+        ret = PdhOpenQueryA(std::ptr::null() as _, 0, &mut query);
+        if ret != 0 {
+            log::error!("PdhOpenQueryA failed: 0x{:X}", ret);
+            return;
+        }
+        let _query = RAIIPDHQuery(query);
+        let mut counter: PDH_HCOUNTER = std::mem::zeroed();
+        ret = PdhAddEnglishCounterA(query, COUNTER_PATH.as_ptr() as _, 0, &mut counter);
+        if ret != 0 {
+            log::error!("PdhAddEnglishCounterA failed: 0x{:X}", ret);
+            return;
+        }
+        ret = PdhCollectQueryData(query);
+        if ret != 0 {
+            log::error!("PdhCollectQueryData failed: 0x{:X}", ret);
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut _counter_type: DWORD = 0;
+        let mut counter_value: PDH_FMT_COUNTERVALUE = std::mem::zeroed();
+        let event = CreateEventA(std::ptr::null_mut(), FALSE, FALSE, std::ptr::null() as _);
+        if event.is_null() {
+            log::error!("CreateEventA failed");
+            return;
+        }
+        let _event: RAIIHandle = RAIIHandle(event);
+        ret = PdhCollectQueryDataEx(query, SAMPLE_INTERVAL, event);
+        if ret != 0 {
+            log::error!("PdhCollectQueryDataEx failed: 0x{:X}", ret);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut queue: VecDeque<f64> = VecDeque::new();
+        let mut recent_valid: VecDeque<bool> = VecDeque::new();
+        loop {
+            // latest one minute
+            if queue.len() == 31 {
+                queue.pop_front();
+            }
+            if recent_valid.len() == 31 {
+                recent_valid.pop_front();
+            }
+            // allow get value within one minute
+            if queue.len() > 0 && recent_valid.iter().filter(|v| **v).count() > queue.len() / 2 {
+                let sum: f64 = queue.iter().map(|f| f.to_owned()).sum();
+                let avg = sum / (queue.len() as f64);
+                *CPU_USAGE_ONE_MINUTE.lock().unwrap() = Some((avg, Instant::now()));
+            } else {
+                *CPU_USAGE_ONE_MINUTE.lock().unwrap() = None;
+            }
+            if WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(event, INFINITE) {
+                recent_valid.push_back(false);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if PdhGetFormattedCounterValue(
+                counter,
+                PDH_FMT_DOUBLE,
+                &mut _counter_type,
+                &mut counter_value,
+            ) != 0
+                || counter_value.CStatus != 0
+            {
+                recent_valid.push_back(false);
+                continue;
+            }
+            queue.push_back(counter_value.u.doubleValue().clone());
+            recent_valid.push_back(true);
+        }
+    };
+    use std::sync::Once;
+    static ONCE: Once = Once::new();
+    ONCE.call_once(|| {
+        std::thread::spawn(f);
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn cpu_uage_one_minute() -> Option<f64> {
+    let v = CPU_USAGE_ONE_MINUTE.lock().unwrap().clone();
+    if let Some((v, instant)) = v {
+        if instant.elapsed().as_secs() < 30 {
+            return Some(v);
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+pub fn sync_cpu_usage(cpu_usage: Option<f64>) {
+    let v = match cpu_usage {
+        Some(cpu_usage) => Some((cpu_usage, Instant::now())),
+        None => None,
+    };
+    *CPU_USAGE_ONE_MINUTE.lock().unwrap() = v;
+    log::info!("cpu usage synced: {:?}", cpu_usage);
+}
+
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/targeting-your-application-at-windows-8-1
+// https://github.com/nodejs/node-convergence-archive/blob/e11fe0c2777561827cdb7207d46b0917ef3c42a7/deps/uv/src/win/util.c#L780
+pub fn is_windows_version_or_greater(
+    os_major: u32,
+    os_minor: u32,
+    build_number: u32,
+    service_pack_major: u32,
+    service_pack_minor: u32,
+) -> bool {
+    let mut osvi: OSVERSIONINFOEXW = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+    osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = std::mem::size_of::<OSVERSIONINFOEXW>() as DWORD;
+    osvi.dwMajorVersion = os_major as _;
+    osvi.dwMinorVersion = os_minor as _;
+    osvi.dwBuildNumber = build_number as _;
+    osvi.wServicePackMajor = service_pack_major as _;
+    osvi.wServicePackMinor = service_pack_minor as _;
+
+    let result = unsafe {
+        let mut condition_mask = 0;
+        let op = VER_GREATER_EQUAL;
+        condition_mask = VerSetConditionMask(condition_mask, VER_MAJORVERSION, op);
+        condition_mask = VerSetConditionMask(condition_mask, VER_MINORVERSION, op);
+        condition_mask = VerSetConditionMask(condition_mask, VER_BUILDNUMBER, op);
+        condition_mask = VerSetConditionMask(condition_mask, VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, op);
+        condition_mask = VerSetConditionMask(condition_mask, VER_SERVICEPACKMINOR, op);
+
+        VerifyVersionInfoW(
+            &mut osvi as *mut OSVERSIONINFOEXW,
+            VER_MAJORVERSION
+                | VER_MINORVERSION
+                | VER_BUILDNUMBER
+                | VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR
+                | VER_SERVICEPACKMINOR,
+            condition_mask,
+        )
+    };
+
+    result == TRUE
+}
--- a/libs/base/src/protos/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/base/src/protos/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/protos/mod.rs"));
--- a/libs/clipboard/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/clipboard/Cargo.toml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ lazy_static = "1.4"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 hbb_common = { path = "../hbb_common" }
+base = { path = "../base" }
 parking_lot = {version = "0.12"}

 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "macos"))'.dependencies]
--- a/libs/clipboard/src/platform/unix/filetype.rs
+++ b/libs/clipboard/src/platform/unix/filetype.rs
@@ -60,10 +60,8 @@ pub(super) fn validate_file_name(name: &str) -> Result<(), CliprdrError> {
            description: "clipboard file name is not a normalized relative path".to_string(),
        });
    }
-    hbb_common::fs::validate_file_name_no_traversal(name).map_err(|error| {
-        CliprdrError::InvalidRequest {
-            description: error.to_string(),
-        }
+    base::fs::validate_file_name_no_traversal(name).map_err(|error| CliprdrError::InvalidRequest {
+        description: error.to_string(),
    })
 }

--- a/libs/clipboard/src/platform/unix/macos/paste_task.rs
+++ b/libs/clipboard/src/platform/unix/macos/paste_task.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ use crate::{
    platform::unix::{FileDescription, FileType, BLOCK_SIZE},
    send_data, ClipboardFile, CliprdrError, ProgressPercent,
 };
-use hbb_common::{allow_err, fs::join_validated_path, log, tokio::time::Instant};
+use base::fs::join_validated_path;
+use hbb_common::{allow_err, log, tokio::time::Instant};
 use std::{
    cmp::min,
    fs::{File, FileTimes, OpenOptions},
--- a/libs/enigo/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/enigo/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ log = "0.4"
 rdev = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/rdev" }
 tfc = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/The-Fat-Controller", branch = "history/rebase_upstream_20240722" }
 hbb_common = { path = "../hbb_common" }
+base = { path = "../base" }

 [features]
 with_serde = ["serde", "serde_derive"]
--- a/libs/enigo/src/linux/nix_impl.rs
+++ b/libs/enigo/src/linux/nix_impl.rs
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ impl Enigo {

 impl Default for Enigo {
    fn default() -> Self {
-        let is_x11 = hbb_common::platform::linux::is_x11_or_headless();
+        let is_x11 = base::platform::linux::is_x11_or_headless();
        Self {
            is_x11,
            tfc: if is_x11 {
--- a/libs/hbb_common
+++ b/libs/hbb_common
--- a/libs/scrap/Cargo.toml
+++ b/libs/scrap/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ wayland = ["gstreamer", "gstreamer-app", "gstreamer-video", "dbus", "tracing", "
 # Depends on `wayland`: the three drm modules live inside the `#[cfg(feature = "wayland")]` arm of
 # common/mod.rs, so `scrap/drm` on its own would compile nothing. The root crate happens to always
 # enable `scrap/wayland`, which is what hid this.
-drm = ["wayland", "hbb_common/wayland_probe"]
+drm = ["wayland", "base/wayland_probe"]
 mediacodec = ["ndk"]
 linux-pkg-config = ["dep:pkg-config"]
 hwcodec = ["dep:hwcodec"]
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ cfg-if = "1.0"
 num_cpus = "1.15"
 lazy_static = "1.4"
 hbb_common = { path = "../hbb_common" }
+base = { path = "../base" }
 webm = { git = "https://github.com/rustdesk-org/rust-webm" }
 serde = {version="1.0", features=["derive"]}

--- a/libs/scrap/examples/benchmark.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/examples/benchmark.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ fn test_vpx(
    println!(
        "{:?} encode: {:?}, {} byte",
        codec_id,
-        time_sum / yuv_count as _,
+        time_sum / yuv_count as u32,
        size / yuv_count
    );

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ fn test_vpx(
    println!(
        "{:?} decode: {:?}",
        codec_id,
-        start.elapsed() / yuv_count as _
+        start.elapsed() / yuv_count as u32
    );
 }

@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ fn test_av1(
    assert_eq!(av1s.len(), yuv_count);
    println!(
        "AV1 encode: {:?}, {} byte",
-        time_sum / yuv_count as _,
+        time_sum / yuv_count as u32,
        size / yuv_count
    );
    let mut decoder = AomDecoder::new().unwrap();
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ fn test_av1(
        let _ = decoder.decode(&av1);
        let _ = decoder.flush();
    }
-    println!("AV1 decode: {:?}", start.elapsed() / yuv_count as _);
+    println!("AV1 decode: {:?}", start.elapsed() / yuv_count as u32);
 }

 #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
--- a/libs/scrap/src/android/ffi.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/android/ffi.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ use jni::{
    JavaVM,
 };

-use hbb_common::{message_proto::MultiClipboards, protobuf::Message};
+use base::message_proto::MultiClipboards;
+use hbb_common::protobuf::Message;
 use jni::errors::{Error as JniError, Result as JniResult};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use serde::Deserialize;
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/aom.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/aom.rs
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ use crate::{EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, Pixfmt};
 use hbb_common::{
    anyhow::{anyhow, Context},
    bytes::Bytes,
-    log,
-    message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
-    ResultType,
+    log, ResultType,
 };
+use base::message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};
 use std::{ptr, slice};

 generate_call_macro!(call_aom, false);
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/camera.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/camera.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use nokhwa::{
    Camera,
 };

-use hbb_common::message_proto::{DisplayInfo, Resolution};
+use base::message_proto::{DisplayInfo, Resolution};

 #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
 use crate::AdapterDevice;
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/codec.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ use crate::{
    CodecFormat, EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, ImageRgb, ImageTexture,
 };

+use base::message_proto::{
+    supported_decoding::PreferCodec, video_frame, Chroma, CodecAbility, EncodedVideoFrames,
+    SupportedDecoding, SupportedEncoding, VideoFrame,
+};
 #[cfg(any(
    feature = "hwcodec",
    feature = "mediacodec",
@@ -30,10 +34,6 @@ use hbb_common::{
    bail,
    config::{Config, PeerConfig},
    lazy_static, log,
-    message_proto::{
-        supported_decoding::PreferCodec, video_frame, Chroma, CodecAbility, EncodedVideoFrames,
-        SupportedDecoding, SupportedEncoding, VideoFrame,
-    },
    sysinfo::System,
    ResultType,
 };
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl Encoder {
        let preference = most_frequent.enum_value_or(PreferCodec::Auto);

        // auto: h265 > h264 > av1/vp9/vp8
-        let av1_test = Config::get_option(hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_AV1_TEST) != "N";
+        let av1_test = Config::get_option(base::config::keys::OPTION_AV1_TEST) != "N";
        let mut auto_codec = if av1_useable && av1_test {
            CodecFormat::AV1
        } else {
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ impl Decoder {

 #[cfg(any(feature = "hwcodec", feature = "mediacodec"))]
 pub fn enable_hwcodec_option() -> bool {
-    use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC;
+    use base::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC;

    if !cfg!(target_os = "ios") {
        return option2bool(
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ pub fn enable_hwcodec_option() -> bool {
 }
 #[cfg(feature = "vram")]
 pub fn enable_vram_option(encode: bool) -> bool {
-    use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC;
+    use base::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_HWCODEC;

    if cfg!(windows) {
        let enable = option2bool(
@@ -880,13 +880,13 @@ pub fn enable_vram_option(encode: bool) -> bool {

 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub fn enable_directx_capture() -> bool {
-    use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_DIRECTX_CAPTURE as OPTION;
+    use base::config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_DIRECTX_CAPTURE as OPTION;
    option2bool(OPTION, &Config::get_option(OPTION))
 }

 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub fn allow_d3d_render() -> bool {
-    use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER as OPTION;
+    use base::config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER as OPTION;
    option2bool(OPTION, &hbb_common::config::LocalConfig::get_option(OPTION))
 }

@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ pub fn codec_thread_num(limit: usize) -> usize {
    #[cfg(windows)]
    {
        res = 0;
-        let percent = hbb_common::platform::windows::cpu_uage_one_minute();
+        let percent = base::platform::windows::cpu_uage_one_minute();
        info = format!("cpu usage: {:?}", percent);
        if let Some(pecent) = percent {
            if pecent < 100.0 {
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ fn disable_av1() -> bool {

 #[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
 pub fn test_av1() {
-    use hbb_common::config::keys::OPTION_AV1_TEST;
+    use base::config::keys::OPTION_AV1_TEST;
    use hbb_common::rand::Rng;
    use std::{sync::Once, time::Duration};

--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/hwcodec.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/hwcodec.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ use crate::{
    convert::*,
    CodecFormat, EncodeInput, ImageFormat, ImageRgb, Pixfmt, HW_STRIDE_ALIGN,
 };
+use base::message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};
 use hbb_common::{
    anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context},
    bytes::Bytes,
    log,
-    message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
    serde_derive::{Deserialize, Serialize},
    serde_json, ResultType,
 };
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/mod.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/mod.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 pub use self::vpxcodec::*;
-use hbb_common::{
-    bail, log,
-    message_proto::{video_frame, Chroma, VideoFrame},
-    ResultType,
-};
+use base::message_proto::{video_frame, Chroma, VideoFrame};
+use hbb_common::{bail, log, ResultType};
 use std::{ffi::c_void, slice};

 cfg_if! {
@@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ pub struct EncodeYuvFormat {
 #[cfg(x11)]
 #[inline]
 pub fn is_x11() -> bool {
-    hbb_common::platform::linux::is_x11_or_headless()
+    base::platform::linux::is_x11_or_headless()
 }

 #[cfg(x11)]
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/record.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/record.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 use crate::CodecFormat;
+use base::message_proto::{message, video_frame, EncodedVideoFrame, Message};
 #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
 use hbb_common::anyhow::anyhow;
-use hbb_common::{
-    bail, chrono, log,
-    message_proto::{message, video_frame, EncodedVideoFrame, Message},
-    ResultType,
-};
+use hbb_common::{bail, chrono, log, ResultType};
 #[cfg(feature = "hwcodec")]
 use hwcodec::mux::{MuxContext, Muxer};
 use std::{
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/vpxcodec.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/vpxcodec.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@

 use hbb_common::anyhow::{anyhow, Context};
 use hbb_common::log;
-use hbb_common::message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};
 use hbb_common::ResultType;
+use base::message_proto::{Chroma, EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};

 use crate::codec::{base_bitrate, codec_thread_num, EncoderApi};
 use crate::{EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, GoogleImage, Pixfmt, STRIDE_ALIGN};
--- a/libs/scrap/src/common/vram.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/common/vram.rs
@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@ use crate::{
    hwcodec::HwCodecConfig,
    AdapterDevice, CodecFormat, EncodeInput, EncodeYuvFormat, Pixfmt,
 };
+use base::message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame};
 use hbb_common::{
    anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context},
    bytes::Bytes,
-    log,
-    message_proto::{EncodedVideoFrame, EncodedVideoFrames, VideoFrame},
-    ResultType,
+    log, ResultType,
 };
 use hwcodec::{
    common::{DataFormat, Driver, MAX_GOP},
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ impl EncoderApi for VRamEncoder {
        &mut self,
        frame: EncodeInput,
        ms: i64,
-    ) -> ResultType<hbb_common::message_proto::VideoFrame> {
+    ) -> ResultType<base::message_proto::VideoFrame> {
        let (texture, rotation) = frame.texture()?;
        if rotation != 0 {
            // to-do: support rotation
--- a/libs/scrap/src/wayland/display.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/wayland/display.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tracing::warn;

-use hbb_common::platform::linux::{get_wayland_displays, WaylandDisplayInfo};
+use base::platform::linux::{get_wayland_displays, WaylandDisplayInfo};

 lazy_static! {
    static ref DISPLAYS: Mutex<Option<Arc<Displays>>> = Mutex::new(None);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fn try_xrandr_primary() -> Option<String> {
 }

 fn try_kscreen_primary() -> Option<String> {
-    if !hbb_common::platform::linux::is_kde_session() {
+    if !base::platform::linux::is_kde_session() {
        return None;
    }

--- a/libs/scrap/src/wayland/pipewire.rs
+++ b/libs/scrap/src/wayland/pipewire.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ use gstreamer_app::AppSink;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

-use hbb_common::{bail, config, platform::linux::CMD_SH, serde_json, tokio, ResultType};
+use base::platform::linux::CMD_SH;
+use hbb_common::{anyhow::anyhow, bail, config, serde_json, tokio, ResultType};

 use super::capturable::PixelProvider;
 use super::capturable::{Capturable, Recorder};
@@ -263,11 +264,21 @@ pub struct PipeWireRecorder {
    saved_raw_data: Vec<u8>, // for faster compare and copy
 }

+// Element creation fails the same way for a plugin that is not installed as for one that is
+// broken, so the tag does not claim which. Only the name travels to the peer -- it is what
+// says which package to look at -- and the factory's own error stays here in the log.
+fn gst_element(name: &str) -> ResultType<gst::Element> {
+    gst::ElementFactory::make(name, None).map_err(|e| {
+        error!("Failed to create GStreamer element {}: {}", name, e);
+        anyhow!(stage_err("gst-plugin", "unavailable", name))
+    })
+}
+
 impl PipeWireRecorder {
    pub fn new(capturable: PipeWireCapturable) -> ResultType<Self> {
        let pipeline = gst::Pipeline::new(None);

-        let src = gst::ElementFactory::make("pipewiresrc", None)?;
+        let src = gst_element("pipewiresrc")?;
        src.set_property("fd", &capturable.fd.as_raw_fd())?;
        src.set_property("path", &format!("{}", capturable.path))?;
        src.set_property("keepalive_time", &1_000.as_raw_fd())?;
@@ -282,9 +293,9 @@ impl PipeWireRecorder {
        // "no more output formats" / not-negotiated (-4). videoconvert accepts any
        // system-memory video/x-raw format, widening negotiation so the portal can
        // settle on a format it can deliver via its SHM path.
-        let convert = gst::ElementFactory::make("videoconvert", None)?;
+        let convert = gst_element("videoconvert")?;

-        let sink = gst::ElementFactory::make("appsink", None)?;
+        let sink = gst_element("appsink")?;
        sink.set_property("drop", &true)?;
        sink.set_property("max-buffers", &1u32)?;

@@ -463,11 +474,125 @@ impl Drop for PipeWireRecorder {
    }
 }

+// The portal handshake is four sequential requests whose outcomes arrive as asynchronous
+// `Response` signals, so where and why it failed is known only inside the signal handler.
+// Recording it here, instead of collapsing every outcome into one `failed` flag, is what lets
+// the app side name the real cause rather than guess it from the error text.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+enum PortalStage {
+    CreateSession = 1,
+    SelectDevices = 2,
+    SelectSources = 3,
+    Start = 4,
+    OpenPipeWireRemote = 5,
+}
+
+impl PortalStage {
+    fn as_str(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::CreateSession => "create-session",
+            Self::SelectDevices => "select-devices",
+            Self::SelectSources => "select-sources",
+            Self::Start => "start",
+            Self::OpenPipeWireRemote => "open-pipewire-remote",
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_u8(v: u8) -> Self {
+        match v {
+            2 => Self::SelectDevices,
+            3 => Self::SelectSources,
+            4 => Self::Start,
+            5 => Self::OpenPipeWireRemote,
+            _ => Self::CreateSession,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// `wl-stage:<stage>:<kind>:<detail>`, parsed by `map_err_scrap` on the app side. The detail
+// reaches the user through a `{}` placeholder in a translated string, so it must not bring
+// braces, control characters or unbounded length of its own.
+const STAGE_TAG: &str = "wl-stage:";
+
+fn stage_err(stage: &str, kind: &str, detail: &str) -> String {
+    let detail: String = detail
+        .chars()
+        .map(|c| if c.is_control() { ' ' } else { c })
+        .filter(|c| *c != '{' && *c != '}')
+        .take(200)
+        .collect();
+    format!("{}{}:{}:{}", STAGE_TAG, stage, kind, detail.trim())
+}
+
+// The name alone is usually the generic `org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Failed`; the message is
+// where a backend says what it objected to. This ends up in the log, so carry both.
+fn dbus_stage_err(stage: &str, err: &dbus::Error) -> String {
+    let detail = match (err.name(), err.message()) {
+        (Some(name), Some(message)) if !name.is_empty() && !message.is_empty() => {
+            format!("{}: {}", name, message)
+        }
+        (Some(name), _) if !name.is_empty() => name.to_owned(),
+        (_, message) => message.unwrap_or_default().to_owned(),
+    };
+    let kind = match err.name().unwrap_or_default() {
+        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownMethod"
+        | "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnknownInterface" => "unsupported",
+        _ => "dbus",
+    };
+    stage_err(stage, kind, &detail)
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct PortalTrace {
+    failed: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    reason: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>,
+    // The stage whose `Response` we are still waiting for, so the polling loop can tell a
+    // non-interactive step apart from the one that waits for a human.
+    waiting_for: Arc<AtomicU8>,
+}
+
+impl PortalTrace {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            failed: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            reason: Arc::new(Mutex::new(None)),
+            waiting_for: Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(PortalStage::CreateSession as u8)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fail(&self, stage: PortalStage, kind: &str, detail: &str) {
+        self.record(stage_err(stage.as_str(), kind, detail));
+        self.failed.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+
+    // The first failure is the cause; whatever follows it is a consequence.
+    fn record(&self, tag: String) {
+        if let Ok(mut reason) = self.reason.lock() {
+            if reason.is_none() {
+                *reason = Some(tag);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn waiting(&self, stage: PortalStage) {
+        self.waiting_for.store(stage as u8, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+
+    fn waiting_stage(&self) -> PortalStage {
+        PortalStage::from_u8(self.waiting_for.load(Ordering::SeqCst))
+    }
+
+    fn take_reason(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        self.reason.lock().ok().and_then(|mut r| r.take())
+    }
+}
+
 fn handle_response<F>(
    conn: &SyncConnection,
    path: dbus::Path<'static>,
    mut f: F,
-    failure_out: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    trace: PortalTrace,
+    stage: PortalStage,
 ) -> Result<dbus::channel::Token, dbus::Error>
 where
    F: FnMut(
@@ -490,18 +615,29 @@ where
            0 => {}
            1 => {
                warn!("DBus response: User cancelled interaction.");
-                failure_out.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                trace.fail(stage, "declined", "");
+                return true;
+            }
+            2 => {
+                warn!("DBus response: User interaction ended in some other way.");
+                trace.fail(stage, "ended", "");
                return true;
            }
            c => {
                warn!("DBus response: Unknown error, code: {}.", c);
-                failure_out.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                trace.fail(stage, "portal-error", &c.to_string());
                return true;
            }
        }
        if let Err(err) = f(r, c, m) {
-            warn!("Error requesting screen capture via dbus: {}", err);
-            failure_out.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            let text = err.to_string();
+            warn!("Error requesting screen capture via dbus: {}", text);
+            if text.starts_with(STAGE_TAG) {
+                trace.record(text);
+                trace.failed.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            } else {
+                trace.fail(trace.waiting_stage(), "internal", &text);
+            }
        }
        true
    })
@@ -637,15 +773,16 @@ pub fn request_remote_desktop(
            INIT = true;
        }
    }
-    let conn = SyncConnection::new_session()?;
+    let conn =
+        SyncConnection::new_session().map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err("session-bus", &e)))?;
    let portal = get_portal(&conn);
    let mut args: PropMap = HashMap::new();
    let fd: Arc<Mutex<Option<OwnedFd>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
    let fd_res = fd.clone();
    let streams: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PwStreamInfo>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
    let streams_res = streams.clone();
-    let failure = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-    let failure_res = failure.clone();
+    let trace = PortalTrace::new();
+    let trace_res = trace.clone();
    let session: Arc<Mutex<Option<dbus::Path>>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
    let session_res = session.clone();
    let create_session_handle_token = "u1";
@@ -673,38 +810,45 @@ pub fn request_remote_desktop(
    // the caller to subscribe to the signal before making the method call.
    handle_response(
        &conn,
-        get_request_path(&conn, create_session_handle_token)?,
+        get_request_path(&conn, create_session_handle_token)
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err("create-session", &e)))?,
        on_create_session_response(
            fd.clone(),
            streams.clone(),
            session.clone(),
-            failure.clone(),
+            trace.clone(),
            is_support_restore_token,
            capture_cursor,
        ),
-        failure_res.clone(),
-    )?;
+        trace.clone(),
+        PortalStage::CreateSession,
+    )
+    .map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err("create-session", &e)))?;
    if is_server_running() {
-        let _ = screencast_portal::create_session(&portal, args)?;
+        let _ = screencast_portal::create_session(&portal, args)
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err("create-session", &e)))?;
    } else {
-        let _ = remote_desktop_portal::create_session(&portal, args)?;
+        let _ = remote_desktop_portal::create_session(&portal, args)
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err("create-session", &e)))?;
    }

    // wait 3 minutes for user interaction
    for _ in 0..1800 {
-        conn.process(Duration::from_millis(100))?;
+        conn.process(Duration::from_millis(100))
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!(dbus_stage_err(trace_res.waiting_stage().as_str(), &e)))?;
        // Once we got a file descriptor we are done!
        if fd_res.lock().unwrap().is_some() {
            break;
        }

-        if failure_res.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+        if trace_res.failed.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
            break;
        }
    }
    let fd_res = fd_res.lock().unwrap();
    let streams_res = streams_res.lock().unwrap();
    let session_res = session_res.lock().unwrap();
+    let have_fd = fd_res.is_some();

    if let Some(fd_res) = fd_res.clone() {
        if let Some(session) = session_res.clone() {
@@ -719,14 +863,20 @@ pub fn request_remote_desktop(
            }
        }
    }
-    bail!("Failed to obtain screen capture. You may need to upgrade the PipeWire library for better compatibility. Please check https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/issues/8600#issuecomment-2254720954 for more details.")
+    bail!(trace_res.take_reason().unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        if have_fd {
+            stage_err("streams", "empty", "")
+        } else {
+            stage_err(trace_res.waiting_stage().as_str(), "no-response", "")
+        }
+    }))
 }

 fn on_create_session_response(
    fd: Arc<Mutex<Option<OwnedFd>>>,
    streams: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PwStreamInfo>>>,
    session: Arc<Mutex<Option<dbus::Path<'static>>>>,
-    failure: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    trace: PortalTrace,
    is_support_restore_token: bool,
    capture_cursor: bool,
 ) -> impl Fn(
@@ -786,19 +936,23 @@ fn on_create_session_response(
                });
            }

+            trace.waiting(PortalStage::SelectSources);
            handle_response(
                c,
                get_request_path(c, select_sources_handle_token)?,
                on_select_sources_response(
                    fd.clone(),
                    streams.clone(),
-                    failure.clone(),
+                    trace.clone(),
                    ses.clone(),
                    is_support_restore_token,
                ),
-                failure.clone(),
+                trace.clone(),
+                PortalStage::SelectSources,
            )?;
-            let _ = portal.select_sources(ses.clone(), args)?;
+            let _ = portal
+                .select_sources(ses.clone(), args)
+                .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("select-sources", &e)))?;
        } else {
            // TODO: support persist_mode for remote_desktop_portal
            // https://flatpak.github.io/xdg-desktop-portal/docs/doc-org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop.html
@@ -810,19 +964,23 @@ fn on_create_session_response(
            );
            args.insert("types".to_string(), Variant(Box::new(7u32)));

+            trace.waiting(PortalStage::SelectDevices);
            handle_response(
                c,
                get_request_path(c, select_devices_handle_token)?,
                on_select_devices_response(
                    fd.clone(),
                    streams.clone(),
-                    failure.clone(),
+                    trace.clone(),
                    ses.clone(),
                    is_support_restore_token,
                ),
-                failure.clone(),
+                trace.clone(),
+                PortalStage::SelectDevices,
            )?;
-            let _ = portal.select_devices(ses.clone(), args)?;
+            let _ = portal
+                .select_devices(ses.clone(), args)
+                .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("select-devices", &e)))?;
        }

        Ok(())
@@ -832,7 +990,7 @@ fn on_create_session_response(
 fn on_select_devices_response(
    fd: Arc<Mutex<Option<OwnedFd>>>,
    streams: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PwStreamInfo>>>,
-    failure: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    trace: PortalTrace,
    session: dbus::Path<'static>,
    is_support_restore_token: bool,
 ) -> impl Fn(
@@ -855,19 +1013,23 @@ fn on_select_devices_response(
        args.insert("types".into(), Variant(Box::new(1u32))); //| 2u32)));

        let session = session.clone();
+        trace.waiting(PortalStage::SelectSources);
        handle_response(
            c,
            get_request_path(c, select_sources_handle_token)?,
            on_select_sources_response(
                fd.clone(),
                streams.clone(),
-                failure.clone(),
+                trace.clone(),
                session.clone(),
                is_support_restore_token,
            ),
-            failure.clone(),
+            trace.clone(),
+            PortalStage::SelectSources,
        )?;
-        let _ = portal.select_sources(session.clone(), args)?;
+        let _ = portal
+            .select_sources(session.clone(), args)
+            .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("select-sources", &e)))?;

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -876,7 +1038,7 @@ fn on_select_devices_response(
 fn on_select_sources_response(
    fd: Arc<Mutex<Option<OwnedFd>>>,
    streams: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PwStreamInfo>>>,
-    failure: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    trace: PortalTrace,
    session: dbus::Path<'static>,
    is_support_restore_token: bool,
 ) -> impl Fn(
@@ -892,6 +1054,7 @@ fn on_select_sources_response(
            "handle_token".to_string(),
            Variant(Box::new(start_handle_token.to_string())),
        );
+        trace.waiting(PortalStage::Start);
        handle_response(
            c,
            get_request_path(c, start_handle_token)?,
@@ -899,14 +1062,18 @@ fn on_select_sources_response(
                fd.clone(),
                streams.clone(),
                session.clone(),
+                trace.clone(),
                is_support_restore_token,
            ),
-            failure.clone(),
+            trace.clone(),
+            PortalStage::Start,
        )?;
        if is_server_running() {
-            let _ = screencast_portal::start(&portal, session.clone(), "", args)?;
+            let _ = screencast_portal::start(&portal, session.clone(), "", args)
+                .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("start", &e)))?;
        } else {
-            let _ = remote_desktop_portal::start(&portal, session.clone(), "", args)?;
+            let _ = remote_desktop_portal::start(&portal, session.clone(), "", args)
+                .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("start", &e)))?;
        }

        Ok(())
@@ -917,6 +1084,7 @@ fn on_start_response(
    fd: Arc<Mutex<Option<OwnedFd>>>,
    streams: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PwStreamInfo>>>,
    session: dbus::Path<'static>,
+    trace: PortalTrace,
    is_support_restore_token: bool,
 ) -> impl Fn(
    OrgFreedesktopPortalRequestResponse,
@@ -944,10 +1112,14 @@ fn on_start_response(
            .lock()
            .unwrap()
            .append(&mut streams_from_response(r));
-        fd.clone()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .replace(portal.open_pipe_wire_remote(session.clone(), HashMap::new())?);
+        // Past this point the user has granted the request; anything that fails now is the
+        // hand-over of the PipeWire fd, which is a different thing to go looking at.
+        trace.waiting(PortalStage::OpenPipeWireRemote);
+        fd.clone().lock().unwrap().replace(
+            portal
+                .open_pipe_wire_remote(session.clone(), HashMap::new())
+                .map_err(|e| DBusError(dbus_stage_err("open-pipewire-remote", &e)))?,
+        );

        Ok(())
    }
@@ -1554,3 +1726,29 @@ fn sort_streams(
    *streams = sorted_streams;
    *shared_displays = sorted_shared_displays;
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::stage_err;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn stage_err_keeps_the_detail_safe_for_a_placeholder() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            stage_err("start", "declined", ""),
+            "wl-stage:start:declined:"
+        );
+        // Braces of its own would break the placeholder lookup on the peer.
+        assert_eq!(
+            stage_err("create-session", "dbus", "org.freedesktop.{Error}"),
+            "wl-stage:create-session:dbus:org.freedesktop.Error"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            stage_err("select-sources", "internal", "one\ntwo"),
+            "wl-stage:select-sources:internal:one two"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            stage_err("start", "internal", &"x".repeat(300)),
+            format!("wl-stage:start:internal:{}", "x".repeat(200))
+        );
+    }
+}
--- a/res/DEBIAN/postinst
+++ b/res/DEBIAN/postinst
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ if [ "$1" = configure ]; then
 	if [ "systemd" == "$INITSYS" ]; then

 		if [ -e /etc/systemd/system/rustdesk.service ]; then
-			rm /etc/systemd/system/rustdesk.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rustdesk.service /usr/lib/systemd/user/rustdesk.service >/dev/null  2>&1
+			rm -f /etc/systemd/system/rustdesk.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rustdesk.service /usr/lib/systemd/user/rustdesk.service >/dev/null  2>&1
 		fi
 		mkdir -p /usr/lib/systemd/system/
 		cp /usr/share/rustdesk/files/systemd/rustdesk.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/rustdesk.service
--- a/res/vcpkg/ffmpeg/portfile.cmake
+++ b/res/vcpkg/ffmpeg/portfile.cmake
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+# FFmpeg 7.1.1 includes the HEVC WPP slice-thread deadlock fix:
+# https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/79c47dfd25f101b6842bbec8c6ffef8d5077c3ae
 vcpkg_from_github(
    OUT_SOURCE_PATH SOURCE_PATH
    REPO ffmpeg/ffmpeg
    REF "n${VERSION}"
-    SHA512 3b273769ef1a1b63aed0691eef317a760f8c83b1d0e1c232b67bbee26db60b4864aafbc88df0e86d6bebf07185bbd057f33e2d5258fde6d97763b9994cd48b6f
+    SHA512 6b9a5ee501be41d6abc7579a106263b31f787321cbc45dedee97abf992bf8236cdb2394571dd256a74154f4a20018d429ae7e7f0409611ddc4d6f529d924d175
    HEAD_REF master
    PATCHES
    0001-create-lib-libraries.patch
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ if(VCPKG_HOST_IS_WINDOWS)
    vcpkg_acquire_msys(MSYS_ROOT PACKAGES automake1.16)
    set(SHELL "${MSYS_ROOT}/usr/bin/bash.exe")
    vcpkg_add_to_path("${MSYS_ROOT}/usr/share/automake-1.16")
-    string(APPEND OPTIONS " --pkg-config=${CURRENT_HOST_INSTALLED_DIR}/tools/pkgconf/pkgconf${VCPKG_HOST_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX}")
+    string(APPEND OPTIONS " --pkg-config=${CURRENT_HOST_INSTALLED_DIR}/tools/pkgconf/pkgconf${VCPKG_HOST_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX} ")
 else()
    find_program(SHELL bash)
 endif()
--- a/res/vcpkg/ffmpeg/vcpkg.json
+++ b/res/vcpkg/ffmpeg/vcpkg.json
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "ffmpeg",
-  "version": "7.1",
-  "port-version": 1,
+  "version": "7.1.1",
  "description": [
    "a library to decode, encode, transcode, mux, demux, stream, filter and play pretty much anything that humans and machines have created.",
    "FFmpeg is the leading multimedia framework, able to decode, encode, transcode, mux, demux, stream, filter and play pretty much anything that humans and machines have created. It supports the most obscure ancient formats up to the cutting edge. No matter if they were designed by some standards committee, the community or a corporation. It is also highly portable: FFmpeg compiles, runs, and passes our testing infrastructure FATE across Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, the BSDs, Solaris, etc. under a wide variety of build environments, machine architectures, and configurations."
--- a/src/audio_resampler.rs
+++ b/src/audio_resampler.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+use hbb_common::thiserror;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod allocation_tests;
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+mod sinc;
+
+const INTERPOLATION_MARGIN_FRAMES: usize = 2;
+const PENDING_PACKET_CAPACITY: usize = 2;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) struct AudioResamplerConfig {
+    pub input_rate: u32,
+    pub output_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: u16,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(crate) enum AudioResamplerError {
+    #[error(
+        "invalid audio resampler configuration: input_rate={}, output_rate={}, channels={}",
+        .0.input_rate, .0.output_rate, .0.channels
+    )]
+    InvalidConfig(AudioResamplerConfig),
+    #[error("invalid resampler output frame size: {output_frames}")]
+    InvalidOutputFrameSize { output_frames: usize },
+    #[error("audio resampler input length {samples} is not divisible by channel count {channels}")]
+    IncompleteFrame { samples: usize, channels: usize },
+    #[error("audio resampler output capacity overflow")]
+    CapacityOverflow,
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+    #[error("audio resampler backend failed: {0}")]
+    Backend(String),
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct FixedFrameAudioResampler {
+    resampler: AudioResampler,
+    output_samples: usize,
+    pending_samples: Vec<f32>,
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+// SAFETY: libsamplerate's src_new state owns heap data and has no thread affinity.
+// This wrapper never exposes or shares that state; processing requires &mut self.
+unsafe impl Send for FixedFrameAudioResampler {}
+
+impl FixedFrameAudioResampler {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        config: AudioResamplerConfig,
+        output_frames: usize,
+    ) -> Result<Self, AudioResamplerError> {
+        if output_frames == 0 {
+            return Err(AudioResamplerError::InvalidOutputFrameSize { output_frames });
+        }
+        let channels = validate_config(config)?;
+        let output_samples = output_frames
+            .checked_mul(channels)
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?;
+        let input_frames = output_frames
+            .checked_mul(config.input_rate as usize)
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?
+            .div_ceil(config.output_rate as usize);
+        let capacity = output_samples
+            .checked_mul(PENDING_PACKET_CAPACITY)
+            .and_then(|samples| samples.checked_add(channels * INTERPOLATION_MARGIN_FRAMES))
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?;
+        let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(config)?;
+        resampler.reserve_input(input_frames)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            resampler,
+            output_samples,
+            pending_samples: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn process_with(
+        &mut self,
+        input: &[f32],
+        mut on_packet: impl FnMut(&[f32]),
+    ) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+        self.resampler
+            .process_into(input, &mut self.pending_samples)?;
+        let complete_samples =
+            self.pending_samples.len() / self.output_samples * self.output_samples;
+        for packet in self.pending_samples[..complete_samples].chunks_exact(self.output_samples) {
+            on_packet(packet);
+        }
+        self.pending_samples.drain(..complete_samples);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn process(&mut self, input: &[f32]) -> Result<Vec<Vec<f32>>, AudioResamplerError> {
+        let mut packets = Vec::new();
+        self.process_with(input, |packet| packets.push(packet.to_owned()))?;
+        Ok(packets)
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct AudioResampler {
+    #[cfg(not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp"))))]
+    backend: StreamingLinearAudioResampler,
+    #[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+    backend: sinc::SincAudioResampler,
+}
+
+impl AudioResampler {
+    pub(crate) fn new(config: AudioResamplerConfig) -> Result<Self, AudioResamplerError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            #[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+            backend: sinc::SincAudioResampler::new(config)?,
+            #[cfg(not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp"))))]
+            backend: StreamingLinearAudioResampler::new(config)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn process(&mut self, input: &[f32]) -> Result<Vec<f32>, AudioResamplerError> {
+        let mut output = Vec::new();
+        self.process_into(input, &mut output)?;
+        Ok(output)
+    }
+
+    // Append samples so capture can retain an incomplete output packet in the same buffer.
+    fn process_into(
+        &mut self,
+        input: &[f32],
+        output: &mut Vec<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+        self.backend.process_into(input, output)
+    }
+
+    fn reserve_input(&mut self, _frames: usize) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+        #[cfg(not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp"))))]
+        {
+            let capacity = _frames
+                .checked_add(INTERPOLATION_MARGIN_FRAMES)
+                .and_then(|frames| frames.checked_mul(self.backend.channels))
+                .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?;
+            self.backend.buffered_samples.reserve(capacity);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp"))))]
+struct StreamingLinearAudioResampler {
+    config: AudioResamplerConfig,
+    channels: usize,
+    buffered_samples: Vec<f32>,
+    next_position: u64,
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp"))))]
+impl StreamingLinearAudioResampler {
+    fn new(config: AudioResamplerConfig) -> Result<Self, AudioResamplerError> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            config,
+            channels: validate_config(config)?,
+            buffered_samples: Vec::new(),
+            next_position: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn process_into(
+        &mut self,
+        input: &[f32],
+        output: &mut Vec<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+        validate_input(input, self.channels)?;
+        let capacity = self.output_capacity(input.len())?;
+        output.reserve(capacity);
+        self.buffered_samples.extend_from_slice(input);
+        while self.write_next_frame(output) {
+            self.next_position += self.config.input_rate as u64;
+        }
+        self.discard_consumed_frames();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn output_capacity(&self, input_samples: usize) -> Result<usize, AudioResamplerError> {
+        let input_frames = input_samples / self.channels;
+        let scaled_frames = input_frames
+            .checked_mul(self.config.output_rate as usize)
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?
+            / self.config.input_rate as usize;
+        scaled_frames
+            .checked_add(INTERPOLATION_MARGIN_FRAMES)
+            .and_then(|frames| frames.checked_mul(self.channels))
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)
+    }
+
+    fn write_next_frame(&self, output: &mut Vec<f32>) -> bool {
+        let output_rate = self.config.output_rate as u64;
+        let frame_count = self.buffered_samples.len() / self.channels;
+        let frame = (self.next_position / output_rate) as usize;
+        let fraction = self.next_position % output_rate;
+        if frame >= frame_count || (fraction != 0 && frame + 1 >= frame_count) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let weight = fraction as f32 / output_rate as f32;
+        for channel in 0..self.channels {
+            let current = self.buffered_samples[frame * self.channels + channel];
+            let next_frame = frame + usize::from(fraction != 0);
+            let next = self.buffered_samples[next_frame * self.channels + channel];
+            output.push(current + (next - current) * weight);
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn discard_consumed_frames(&mut self) {
+        let output_rate = self.config.output_rate as u64;
+        let available_frames = self.buffered_samples.len() / self.channels;
+        let consumed_frames = ((self.next_position / output_rate) as usize).min(available_frames);
+        self.buffered_samples
+            .drain(0..consumed_frames * self.channels);
+        self.next_position -= consumed_frames as u64 * output_rate;
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_config(config: AudioResamplerConfig) -> Result<usize, AudioResamplerError> {
+    if config.input_rate == 0 || config.output_rate == 0 || config.channels == 0 {
+        return Err(AudioResamplerError::InvalidConfig(config));
+    }
+    Ok(config.channels as usize)
+}
+
+fn validate_input(input: &[f32], channels: usize) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+    if input.len() % channels != 0 {
+        return Err(AudioResamplerError::IncompleteFrame {
+            samples: input.len(),
+            channels,
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(test, not(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))))]
+mod tests;
+
+#[cfg(all(test, feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+mod samplerate_tests;
--- a/src/audio_resampler/allocation_tests.rs
+++ b/src/audio_resampler/allocation_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use super::{AudioResamplerConfig, FixedFrameAudioResampler};
+use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System};
+use std::cell::Cell;
+
+struct CountingAllocator;
+
+thread_local! {
+    static ALLOCATIONS: Cell<Option<usize>> = const { Cell::new(None) };
+}
+
+fn record_allocation() {
+    let _ = ALLOCATIONS.try_with(|count| {
+        if let Some(value) = count.get() {
+            count.set(Some(value + 1));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+unsafe impl GlobalAlloc for CountingAllocator {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        record_allocation();
+        unsafe { System.alloc(layout) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn alloc_zeroed(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        record_allocation();
+        unsafe { System.alloc_zeroed(layout) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn realloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout, size: usize) -> *mut u8 {
+        record_allocation();
+        unsafe { System.realloc(ptr, layout, size) }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, ptr: *mut u8, layout: Layout) {
+        unsafe { System.dealloc(ptr, layout) }
+    }
+}
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: CountingAllocator = CountingAllocator;
+
+pub(crate) fn assert_no_allocations(process: impl FnOnce()) {
+    struct ResetCounter;
+    impl Drop for ResetCounter {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            ALLOCATIONS.with(|count| count.set(None));
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALLOCATIONS.with(|count| assert!(count.replace(Some(0)).is_none()));
+    let reset = ResetCounter;
+    process();
+    let allocations = ALLOCATIONS.with(|count| count.get().unwrap());
+    drop(reset);
+    assert_eq!(
+        allocations, 0,
+        "PCM processing allocated on the capture thread"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn capture_resampling_reuses_buffers() {
+    const PACKETS_PER_SECOND: usize = 100;
+    const PACKET_COUNT: usize = 100;
+    const MAX_STARTUP_DELAY_PACKETS: usize = 1;
+    const SIGNAL_LEVEL: f32 = 0.25;
+    const RATE_PAIRS: [(u32, u32); 6] = [
+        (32_000, 24_000),
+        (44_100, 24_000),
+        (44_100, 48_000),
+        (48_000, 24_000),
+        (96_000, 48_000),
+        (192_000, 48_000),
+    ];
+
+    for (input_rate, output_rate) in RATE_PAIRS {
+        for channels in [1, 2, 4, 6, 8] {
+            let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+                input_rate,
+                output_rate,
+                channels,
+            };
+            let input =
+                vec![SIGNAL_LEVEL; input_rate as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND * channels as usize];
+            let frames = output_rate as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+            let mut resampler = FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(config, frames).unwrap();
+            let mut packets = 0;
+            let mut energy = 0.0;
+            assert_no_allocations(|| {
+                for _ in 0..PACKET_COUNT {
+                    resampler
+                        .process_with(&input, |packet| {
+                            assert_eq!(packet.len(), frames * channels as usize);
+                            energy += packet.iter().map(|sample| sample * sample).sum::<f32>();
+                            packets += 1;
+                        })
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+            });
+            assert!((PACKET_COUNT - MAX_STARTUP_DELAY_PACKETS..=PACKET_COUNT).contains(&packets));
+            assert!(energy > SIGNAL_LEVEL);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
+#[test]
+fn sinc_output_matches_the_existing_backend() {
+    use super::AudioResampler;
+
+    const INPUT_FRAMES: usize = 2_048;
+    const CHUNK_FRAMES: usize = 73;
+    const SIGNAL_STEP: f32 = 0.07;
+    for (input_rate, output_rate) in [(44_100, 24_000), (44_100, 48_000), (96_000, 48_000)] {
+        for channels in [1, 2, 4, 6, 8] {
+            let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+                input_rate,
+                output_rate,
+                channels,
+            };
+            let input: Vec<_> = (0..INPUT_FRAMES * channels as usize)
+                .map(|sample| (sample as f32 * SIGNAL_STEP).sin())
+                .collect();
+            let mut actual = AudioResampler::new(config).unwrap();
+            let expected = samplerate::Samplerate::new(
+                samplerate::ConverterType::SincBestQuality,
+                input_rate,
+                output_rate,
+                channels as usize,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            for chunk in input.chunks(CHUNK_FRAMES * channels as usize) {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    actual.process(chunk).unwrap(),
+                    expected.process(chunk).unwrap()
+                );
+                assert_eq!(actual.process(&[]).unwrap(), expected.process(&[]).unwrap());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/audio_resampler/samplerate_tests.rs
+++ b/src/audio_resampler/samplerate_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+use super::{AudioResampler, AudioResamplerConfig, AudioResamplerError, FixedFrameAudioResampler};
+
+const INPUT_RATE: u32 = 44_100;
+const OUTPUT_RATE: u32 = 48_000;
+const CHANNELS: u16 = 2;
+const INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES: usize = INPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+const OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES: usize = OUTPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+const PACKET_COUNT: usize = 20;
+const PACKETS_PER_SECOND: usize = 100;
+const MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS: usize = 2;
+const TONE_FREQUENCY_HZ: f32 = 997.0;
+const TONE_AMPLITUDE: f32 = 0.5;
+const MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL: f32 = 0.02;
+const INCOMPLETE_SAMPLE_COUNT: usize = 1;
+const DOWNSAMPLE_RATE: u32 = 24_000;
+const REJECTED_TONE_HZ: f64 = 18_000.0;
+const MAX_ALIAS_RMS: f64 = 0.01;
+const MIN_PASSBAND_RMS: f64 = 0.3;
+
+fn stereo_tone(frames: usize) -> Vec<f32> {
+    (0..frames)
+        .flat_map(|frame| {
+            let phase =
+                std::f32::consts::TAU * TONE_FREQUENCY_HZ * frame as f32 / INPUT_RATE as f32;
+            let sample = TONE_AMPLITUDE * phase.sin();
+            [sample, sample]
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn maximum_boundary_residual(packets: &[Vec<f32>]) -> f32 {
+    packets.windows(2).fold(0.0, |maximum, pair| {
+        let previous = &pair[0];
+        let current = &pair[1];
+        let last = previous.len() - CHANNELS as usize;
+        let penultimate = last - CHANNELS as usize;
+        (0..CHANNELS as usize).fold(maximum, |maximum, channel| {
+            let predicted = previous[last + channel]
+                + (previous[last + channel] - previous[penultimate + channel]);
+            maximum.max((current[channel] - predicted).abs())
+        })
+    })
+}
+
+fn stereo_config() -> AudioResamplerConfig {
+    AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: INPUT_RATE,
+        output_rate: OUTPUT_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn moving_capture_resampler_preserves_pending_audio() {
+    let input = stereo_tone(INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * PACKET_COUNT);
+    let packet_samples = INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize;
+    let mut expected_resampler =
+        FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(stereo_config(), OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES).unwrap();
+    let expected: Vec<_> = input
+        .chunks(packet_samples)
+        .flat_map(|packet| expected_resampler.process(packet).unwrap())
+        .collect();
+    let mut moved_resampler =
+        FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(stereo_config(), OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES).unwrap();
+    let mut output = moved_resampler.process(&input[..packet_samples]).unwrap();
+    let remaining = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        input[packet_samples..]
+            .chunks(packet_samples)
+            .flat_map(|packet| moved_resampler.process(packet).unwrap())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    })
+    .join()
+    .unwrap();
+    output.extend(remaining);
+
+    assert!(output.len() >= MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS);
+    assert!(output
+        .iter()
+        .all(|packet| packet.len() == OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize));
+    assert!(maximum_boundary_residual(&output) <= MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL);
+    assert_eq!(output, expected);
+}
+
+fn downsampled_rms(input: &[f32]) -> f64 {
+    let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+        output_rate: DOWNSAMPLE_RATE,
+        ..stereo_config()
+    };
+    let output_frames = DOWNSAMPLE_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+    let mut resampler = FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(config, output_frames).unwrap();
+    let output: Vec<f32> = input
+        .chunks(INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize)
+        .flat_map(|packet| resampler.process(packet).unwrap().into_iter().flatten())
+        .collect();
+
+    assert!(output.len() >= output_frames * CHANNELS as usize * MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS);
+    let mean_square = output
+        .iter()
+        .map(|sample| f64::from(*sample).powi(2))
+        .sum::<f64>()
+        / output.len() as f64;
+    mean_square.sqrt()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn capture_downsampling_filters_out_of_band_audio() {
+    let input: Vec<_> = (0..INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * PACKET_COUNT)
+        .flat_map(|frame| {
+            let phase =
+                std::f64::consts::TAU * REJECTED_TONE_HZ * frame as f64 / f64::from(INPUT_RATE);
+            let sample = (f64::from(TONE_AMPLITUDE) * phase.sin()) as f32;
+            [sample, sample]
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let rms = downsampled_rms(&input);
+    assert!(
+        rms < MAX_ALIAS_RMS,
+        "out-of-band output RMS {rms} exceeded {MAX_ALIAS_RMS}"
+    );
+
+    let input = stereo_tone(INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * PACKET_COUNT);
+    let rms = downsampled_rms(&input);
+    assert!(
+        rms > MIN_PASSBAND_RMS,
+        "in-band output RMS {rms} fell below {MIN_PASSBAND_RMS}"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn samplerate_backend_preserves_streaming_continuity() {
+    let input = stereo_tone(INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * PACKET_COUNT);
+    let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(stereo_config()).unwrap();
+    let packets: Vec<_> = input
+        .chunks(INPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize)
+        .map(|packet| resampler.process(packet).unwrap())
+        .filter(|packet| !packet.is_empty())
+        .collect();
+
+    assert!(packets.len() >= MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS);
+    assert!(packets
+        .iter()
+        .all(|packet| packet.len() % CHANNELS as usize == 0));
+    assert!(maximum_boundary_residual(&packets) <= MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn samplerate_backend_reports_incomplete_frame_context() {
+    let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(stereo_config()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        resampler.process(&[0.0]).unwrap_err(),
+        AudioResamplerError::IncompleteFrame {
+            samples: INCOMPLETE_SAMPLE_COUNT,
+            channels: CHANNELS as usize,
+        }
+    );
+}
--- a/src/audio_resampler/sinc.rs
+++ b/src/audio_resampler/sinc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+use super::{AudioResamplerConfig, AudioResamplerError};
+use libsamplerate_sys as sys;
+use std::ptr::NonNull;
+
+const OUTPUT_MARGIN_FRAMES: usize = 1;
+
+pub(super) struct SincAudioResampler {
+    state: NonNull<sys::SRC_STATE>,
+    config: AudioResamplerConfig,
+}
+
+impl SincAudioResampler {
+    pub(super) fn new(config: AudioResamplerConfig) -> Result<Self, AudioResamplerError> {
+        super::validate_config(config)?;
+        let ratio = f64::from(config.output_rate) / f64::from(config.input_rate);
+        if unsafe { sys::src_is_valid_ratio(ratio) } == 0 {
+            return Err(backend_error(
+                config,
+                samplerate::ErrorCode::BadSrcRatio as _,
+            ));
+        }
+        let mut error = 0;
+        // SAFETY: src_new allocates independent state; this owner releases it in Drop.
+        let state = unsafe {
+            sys::src_new(
+                sys::SRC_SINC_BEST_QUALITY as _,
+                config.channels.into(),
+                &mut error,
+            )
+        };
+        let state = NonNull::new(state).ok_or_else(|| backend_error(config, error))?;
+        Ok(Self { state, config })
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn process_into(
+        &mut self,
+        input: &[f32],
+        output: &mut Vec<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AudioResamplerError> {
+        super::validate_input(input, self.config.channels as usize)?;
+        let mut consumed = 0;
+        loop {
+            let (used, generated) = self.process_block(&input[consumed..], output)?;
+            consumed += used;
+            if consumed == input.len() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            if used == 0 && generated == 0 {
+                return Err(AudioResamplerError::Backend(
+                    "libsamplerate made no progress while input remained".to_owned(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn process_block(
+        &mut self,
+        input: &[f32],
+        output: &mut Vec<f32>,
+    ) -> Result<(usize, usize), AudioResamplerError> {
+        let channels = self.config.channels as usize;
+        let input_frames = input.len() / channels;
+        let output_frames = input_frames
+            .checked_mul(self.config.output_rate as usize)
+            .map(|frames| frames / self.config.input_rate as usize)
+            .and_then(|frames| frames.checked_add(OUTPUT_MARGIN_FRAMES))
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?;
+        let start = output.len();
+        let end = output_frames
+            .checked_mul(channels)
+            .and_then(|samples| start.checked_add(samples))
+            .ok_or(AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?;
+        let mut data = sys::SRC_DATA {
+            data_in: input.as_ptr(),
+            input_frames: input_frames
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|_| AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?,
+            output_frames: output_frames
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|_| AudioResamplerError::CapacityOverflow)?,
+            src_ratio: f64::from(self.config.output_rate) / f64::from(self.config.input_rate),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        output.resize(end, 0.0);
+        data.data_out = output[start..].as_mut_ptr();
+        // SAFETY: state is exclusively owned; disjoint slices cover the declared frame counts.
+        let error = unsafe { sys::src_process(self.state.as_ptr(), &mut data) };
+        let generated = data.output_frames_gen as usize * channels;
+        output.truncate(start + generated);
+        if error != 0 {
+            return Err(backend_error(self.config, error));
+        }
+        Ok((data.input_frames_used as usize * channels, generated))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for SincAudioResampler {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // SAFETY: this owner holds the only handle returned by src_new.
+        unsafe { sys::src_delete(self.state.as_ptr()) };
+    }
+}
+
+fn backend_error(config: AudioResamplerConfig, code: i32) -> AudioResamplerError {
+    AudioResamplerError::Backend(format!(
+        "input_rate={}, output_rate={}, channels={}: {:?}",
+        config.input_rate,
+        config.output_rate,
+        config.channels,
+        samplerate::Error::from_int(code)
+    ))
+}
--- a/src/audio_resampler/tests.rs
+++ b/src/audio_resampler/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+use super::{AudioResampler, AudioResamplerConfig, FixedFrameAudioResampler};
+
+const INPUT_RATE: u32 = 24_000;
+const OUTPUT_RATE: u32 = 48_000;
+const CHANNELS: u16 = 2;
+const CHUNK_FRAMES: usize = 240;
+const CHUNK_COUNT: usize = 4;
+const TONE_FREQUENCY_HZ: f32 = 997.0;
+const TONE_AMPLITUDE: f32 = 0.5;
+const MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL: f32 = 0.02;
+const LOOK_AHEAD_OUTPUT_FRAMES: usize = 1;
+const UNEVEN_CHUNK_FRAMES: usize = 73;
+const MONO_CHANNELS: u16 = 1;
+const UNIT_RATE: u32 = 1;
+const DOUBLE_RATE: u32 = 2;
+const FIRST_DOWNSAMPLE_PACKET: [f32; 3] = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0];
+const SECOND_DOWNSAMPLE_PACKET: [f32; 4] = [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0];
+const EXPECTED_DOWNSAMPLED_OUTPUT: [f32; 4] = [0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0];
+const PACKETS_PER_SECOND: usize = 100;
+const OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES: usize = OUTPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+const RATE_44_1_KHZ: u32 = 44_100;
+const FLOAT_TOLERANCE: f32 = 0.000_001;
+const MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS: usize = 2;
+
+fn stereo_tone_at_rate(frames: usize, sample_rate: u32) -> Vec<f32> {
+    (0..frames)
+        .flat_map(|frame| {
+            let phase =
+                std::f32::consts::TAU * TONE_FREQUENCY_HZ * frame as f32 / sample_rate as f32;
+            let sample = TONE_AMPLITUDE * phase.sin();
+            [sample, sample]
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn stereo_tone(frames: usize) -> Vec<f32> {
+    stereo_tone_at_rate(frames, INPUT_RATE)
+}
+
+fn maximum_tone_prediction_residual(sample_rate: u32) -> f32 {
+    let half_step = std::f32::consts::PI * TONE_FREQUENCY_HZ / sample_rate as f32;
+    4.0 * TONE_AMPLITUDE * half_step.sin().powi(2)
+}
+
+fn maximum_boundary_residual(chunks: &[Vec<f32>]) -> f32 {
+    chunks.windows(2).fold(0.0, |maximum, pair| {
+        let previous = &pair[0];
+        let current = &pair[1];
+        let last = previous.len() - CHANNELS as usize;
+        let penultimate = last - CHANNELS as usize;
+        (0..CHANNELS as usize).fold(maximum, |maximum, channel| {
+            let predicted = previous[last + channel]
+                + (previous[last + channel] - previous[penultimate + channel]);
+            maximum.max((current[channel] - predicted).abs())
+        })
+    })
+}
+
+fn stereo_config() -> AudioResamplerConfig {
+    AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: INPUT_RATE,
+        output_rate: OUTPUT_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn preserves_decoded_packet_continuity_and_output_ratio() {
+    let input = stereo_tone(CHUNK_FRAMES * CHUNK_COUNT);
+    let mut whole_resampler = AudioResampler::new(stereo_config()).unwrap();
+    let whole_output = whole_resampler.process(&input).unwrap();
+    let expected_frames = CHUNK_FRAMES * CHUNK_COUNT * OUTPUT_RATE as usize / INPUT_RATE as usize
+        - LOOK_AHEAD_OUTPUT_FRAMES;
+
+    for chunk_frames in [CHUNK_FRAMES, UNEVEN_CHUNK_FRAMES] {
+        let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(stereo_config()).unwrap();
+        let output: Vec<_> = input
+            .chunks(chunk_frames * CHANNELS as usize)
+            .map(|chunk| resampler.process(chunk).unwrap())
+            .collect();
+        let residual = maximum_boundary_residual(&output);
+        assert!(
+            residual <= MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL,
+            "packet boundary residual {residual} exceeded {MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL}, chunk_frames={chunk_frames}"
+        );
+        let output_frames = output.iter().map(Vec::len).sum::<usize>() / CHANNELS as usize;
+        assert_eq!(output_frames, expected_frames);
+        assert_eq!(output.concat(), whole_output, "chunk_frames={chunk_frames}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rejects_incomplete_interleaved_frames() {
+    let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(stereo_config()).unwrap();
+
+    assert!(resampler.process(&[TONE_AMPLITUDE]).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn interpolates_mono_samples() {
+    let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: UNIT_RATE,
+        output_rate: DOUBLE_RATE,
+        channels: MONO_CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(config).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        resampler.process(&[0.0, 1.0, 2.0]).unwrap(),
+        [0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rejects_zero_rate_configuration() {
+    let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: 0,
+        output_rate: OUTPUT_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+
+    assert!(AudioResampler::new(config).is_err());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn downsamples_across_packet_boundaries() {
+    let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: DOUBLE_RATE,
+        output_rate: UNIT_RATE,
+        channels: MONO_CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut resampler = AudioResampler::new(config).unwrap();
+    let mut output = resampler.process(&FIRST_DOWNSAMPLE_PACKET).unwrap();
+    output.extend(resampler.process(&SECOND_DOWNSAMPLE_PACKET).unwrap());
+
+    assert_eq!(output, EXPECTED_DOWNSAMPLED_OUTPUT);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sender_resampler_emits_only_complete_continuous_frames() {
+    let input = stereo_tone(CHUNK_FRAMES * CHUNK_COUNT);
+    let mut resampler =
+        FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(stereo_config(), OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES).unwrap();
+    let output: Vec<_> = input
+        .chunks(CHUNK_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize)
+        .flat_map(|chunk| resampler.process(chunk).unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    assert!(output.len() >= MIN_CONTINUITY_PACKETS);
+    assert!(output
+        .iter()
+        .all(|packet| packet.len() == OUTPUT_PACKET_FRAMES * CHANNELS as usize));
+    assert!(maximum_boundary_residual(&output) <= MAX_BOUNDARY_RESIDUAL);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sender_downsampling_preserves_packet_continuity() {
+    let input_packet_frames = RATE_44_1_KHZ as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND;
+    let input = stereo_tone_at_rate(input_packet_frames * CHUNK_COUNT, RATE_44_1_KHZ);
+    let config = AudioResamplerConfig {
+        input_rate: RATE_44_1_KHZ,
+        output_rate: INPUT_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut resampler =
+        FixedFrameAudioResampler::new(config, INPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND).unwrap();
+    let packets: Vec<_> = input
+        .chunks(input_packet_frames * CHANNELS as usize)
+        .flat_map(|packet| resampler.process(packet).unwrap())
+        .collect();
+    let residual = maximum_boundary_residual(&packets);
+
+    assert_eq!(packets.len(), CHUNK_COUNT);
+    assert!(
+        residual <= maximum_tone_prediction_residual(INPUT_RATE) + FLOAT_TOLERANCE,
+        "sender packet boundary residual {residual} exceeded the tone curvature"
+    );
+}
--- a/src/client.rs
+++ b/src/client.rs
--- a/src/client/audio_playback.rs
+++ b/src/client/audio_playback.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use hbb_common::{log, log_throttle::LogThrottle, thiserror};
+use ringbuf::{ring_buffer::RbBase, Rb};
+use std::sync::{
+    atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
+    TryLockError,
+};
+
+pub(super) const UNDERRUN_DECLICK_MS: usize = 5;
+pub(super) const AUDIO_PLAYBACK_LOG_INTERVAL: std::time::Duration =
+    std::time::Duration::from_secs(5);
+const MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND: usize = 1_000;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct AudioPlaybackConfig {
+    pub sample_rate: u32,
+    pub channels: usize,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum AudioPlaybackError {
+    #[error(
+        "invalid audio playback configuration: sample_rate={}, channels={}",
+        .0.sample_rate, .0.channels
+    )]
+    InvalidConfig(AudioPlaybackConfig),
+    #[error("audio playback frame has {samples} samples for {channels} channels")]
+    IncompleteFrame { samples: usize, channels: usize },
+    #[error("audio playback transition frame count overflow")]
+    FrameCountOverflow,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct AudioPlaybackRecovery {
+    channels: usize,
+    transition_frames: usize,
+    transition_frame: usize,
+    had_input: bool,
+    transition_start: Vec<f32>,
+    output_frame: Vec<f32>,
+}
+
+pub(super) struct AudioPlaybackStatus {
+    pub(super) ready: AtomicBool,
+    contentions: AtomicUsize,
+    contention_log_throttle: LogThrottle,
+    buffer_poisoned: AtomicBool,
+}
+
+impl Default for AudioPlaybackStatus {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            ready: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            contentions: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+            contention_log_throttle: LogThrottle::new(AUDIO_PLAYBACK_LOG_INTERVAL),
+            buffer_poisoned: AtomicBool::new(false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AudioPlaybackStatus {
+    pub(super) fn report_errors(&self) {
+        if self.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed) != 0
+            && self.contention_log_throttle.due().is_some()
+        {
+            let contentions = self.contentions.swap(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            log::debug!("Audio playback PCM buffer contention: callbacks={contentions}");
+        }
+        if self.buffer_poisoned.swap(false, Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            log::error!("Audio playback stopped reading a poisoned PCM buffer");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) struct AudioPlaybackWriter {
+    audio_buffer: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<ringbuf::HeapRb<f32>>>,
+    discontinuity_generation: std::sync::Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    observed_discontinuity_generation: usize,
+    buffered_input: Vec<f32>,
+    recovery: AudioPlaybackRecovery,
+    pub(super) status: std::sync::Arc<AudioPlaybackStatus>,
+    buffer_failed: bool,
+}
+
+impl AudioPlaybackWriter {
+    pub(super) fn new(
+        config: AudioPlaybackConfig,
+        audio_buffer: std::sync::Arc<std::sync::Mutex<ringbuf::HeapRb<f32>>>,
+        discontinuity_generation: std::sync::Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, AudioPlaybackError> {
+        let recovery = AudioPlaybackRecovery::new(config)?;
+        let buffer_capacity = audio_buffer.lock().unwrap().capacity();
+        let observed_discontinuity_generation = discontinuity_generation.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        Ok(Self {
+            audio_buffer,
+            discontinuity_generation,
+            observed_discontinuity_generation,
+            buffered_input: vec![0.0; buffer_capacity],
+            recovery,
+            status: Default::default(),
+            buffer_failed: false,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn read_buffer(&mut self, requested_samples: usize) -> usize {
+        if self.buffer_failed {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        let mut buffer = match self.audio_buffer.try_lock() {
+            Ok(buffer) => buffer,
+            Err(TryLockError::WouldBlock) => {
+                // Keep queued PCM and its generation for the next successful read.
+                self.status.contentions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            Err(TryLockError::Poisoned(_)) => {
+                self.buffer_failed = true;
+                self.status.ready.store(false, Ordering::Release);
+                self.status.buffer_poisoned.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                return 0;
+            }
+        };
+        let generation = self.discontinuity_generation.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        let channels = self.recovery.channels;
+        let samples = buffer.occupied_len().min(requested_samples) / channels * channels;
+        buffer.pop_slice(&mut self.buffered_input[..samples]);
+        drop(buffer);
+        if generation != self.observed_discontinuity_generation {
+            self.recovery.begin_discontinuity();
+            self.observed_discontinuity_generation = generation;
+        }
+        samples
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn write_output<T>(&mut self, output: &mut [T])
+    where
+        T: cpal::Sample + cpal::FromSample<f32>,
+    {
+        self.status
+            .ready
+            .store(!self.buffer_failed, Ordering::Release);
+        let requested_samples = output.len().min(self.buffered_input.len());
+        let channel_count = self.recovery.channels;
+        let available_samples = self.read_buffer(requested_samples);
+        let available_frames = available_samples / channel_count;
+        for (frame_index, output_frame) in output.chunks_mut(channel_count).enumerate() {
+            let input = if frame_index < available_frames {
+                let start = frame_index * channel_count;
+                Some(&self.buffered_input[start..start + channel_count])
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            match self.recovery.process_frame(input) {
+                Ok(recovered) => {
+                    for (output, sample) in output_frame.iter_mut().zip(recovered) {
+                        *output = T::from_sample(*sample);
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(error) => {
+                    log::error!("Failed to recover audio underflow: {error}");
+                    output_frame.fill(T::from_sample(0.0));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AudioPlaybackRecovery {
+    pub(super) fn new(config: AudioPlaybackConfig) -> Result<Self, AudioPlaybackError> {
+        if config.sample_rate == 0 || config.channels == 0 {
+            return Err(AudioPlaybackError::InvalidConfig(config));
+        }
+        let transition_frames = (config.sample_rate as usize)
+            .checked_mul(UNDERRUN_DECLICK_MS)
+            .ok_or(AudioPlaybackError::FrameCountOverflow)?
+            / MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND;
+        if transition_frames == 0 {
+            return Err(AudioPlaybackError::InvalidConfig(config));
+        }
+        Ok(Self {
+            channels: config.channels,
+            transition_frames,
+            transition_frame: transition_frames,
+            had_input: false,
+            transition_start: vec![0.0; config.channels],
+            output_frame: vec![0.0; config.channels],
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn process_frame(
+        &mut self,
+        input: Option<&[f32]>,
+    ) -> Result<&[f32], AudioPlaybackError> {
+        if input.is_some_and(|frame| frame.len() != self.channels) {
+            return Err(AudioPlaybackError::IncompleteFrame {
+                samples: input.map_or(0, <[f32]>::len),
+                channels: self.channels,
+            });
+        }
+        self.begin_transition(input.is_some());
+        let target_weight = self.advance_transition();
+        for channel in 0..self.channels {
+            let target = input.map_or(0.0, |frame| frame[channel]);
+            self.output_frame[channel] =
+                self.transition_start[channel] * (1.0 - target_weight) + target * target_weight;
+        }
+        Ok(&self.output_frame)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn begin_discontinuity(&mut self) {
+        self.transition_start.copy_from_slice(&self.output_frame);
+        self.transition_frame = 0;
+    }
+
+    fn begin_transition(&mut self, has_input: bool) {
+        if has_input == self.had_input {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.transition_start.copy_from_slice(&self.output_frame);
+        self.transition_frame = 0;
+        self.had_input = has_input;
+    }
+
+    fn advance_transition(&mut self) -> f32 {
+        if self.transition_frame >= self.transition_frames {
+            return 1.0;
+        }
+        self.transition_frame += 1;
+        self.transition_frame as f32 / self.transition_frames as f32
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[path = "audio_playback_tests.rs"]
+mod tests;
--- a/src/client/audio_playback_tests.rs
+++ b/src/client/audio_playback_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+use super::{
+    AudioPlaybackConfig, AudioPlaybackError, AudioPlaybackRecovery, AudioPlaybackStatus,
+    AudioPlaybackWriter,
+};
+use ringbuf::{ring_buffer::RbBase, Rb};
+use std::{
+    sync::{atomic::Ordering, mpsc, Arc, Mutex},
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+const SAMPLE_RATE: u32 = 48_000;
+const CHANNELS: usize = 2;
+const ACTIVE_FRAME: [f32; CHANNELS] = [0.8, -0.8];
+const OPPOSITE_ACTIVE_FRAME: [f32; CHANNELS] = [-0.8, 0.8];
+const ACTIVE_FRAMES: usize = 300;
+const SILENT_FRAMES: usize = 300;
+const TRANSITION_FRAMES: usize =
+    SAMPLE_RATE as usize * super::UNDERRUN_DECLICK_MS / super::MILLISECONDS_PER_SECOND;
+const MAX_SAMPLE_STEP: f32 = 0.01;
+
+#[test]
+fn writing_audio_observes_discard_and_releases_buffer_lock() {
+    const INPUT: [f32; 4] = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4];
+    const GENERATION: usize = 7;
+    let buffer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(ringbuf::HeapRb::new(INPUT.len())));
+    let generation = Arc::new(super::AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+        sample_rate: SAMPLE_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut writer = AudioPlaybackWriter::new(config, buffer.clone(), generation.clone()).unwrap();
+    {
+        let mut buffer = buffer.lock().unwrap();
+        buffer.push_slice(&INPUT);
+        generation.store(GENERATION, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    }
+    let mut output = [0.0_f32; INPUT.len()];
+
+    writer.write_output(&mut output);
+
+    assert_eq!(writer.buffered_input, INPUT);
+    assert_eq!(writer.observed_discontinuity_generation, GENERATION);
+    assert_eq!(buffer.try_lock().unwrap().occupied_len(), 0);
+}
+
+fn maximum_sample_step(samples: &[f32]) -> f32 {
+    samples
+        .windows(CHANNELS + 1)
+        .map(|window| (window[CHANNELS] - window[0]).abs())
+        .fold(0.0, f32::max)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn smooths_underflow_and_explicit_audio_discontinuities() {
+    for explicit_discontinuity in [false, true] {
+        let config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+            sample_rate: SAMPLE_RATE,
+            channels: CHANNELS,
+        };
+        let mut recovery = AudioPlaybackRecovery::new(config).unwrap();
+        let mut output = Vec::new();
+        for _ in 0..ACTIVE_FRAMES {
+            output.extend_from_slice(recovery.process_frame(Some(&ACTIVE_FRAME)).unwrap());
+        }
+        let transition_end = TRANSITION_FRAMES * CHANNELS;
+        assert_eq!(
+            &output[transition_end - CHANNELS..transition_end],
+            ACTIVE_FRAME.as_slice(),
+            "explicit_discontinuity={explicit_discontinuity}"
+        );
+        let resumed_frame = if explicit_discontinuity {
+            recovery.begin_discontinuity();
+            &OPPOSITE_ACTIVE_FRAME
+        } else {
+            for _ in 0..SILENT_FRAMES {
+                output.extend_from_slice(recovery.process_frame(None).unwrap());
+            }
+            &ACTIVE_FRAME
+        };
+        for _ in 0..ACTIVE_FRAMES {
+            output.extend_from_slice(recovery.process_frame(Some(resumed_frame)).unwrap());
+        }
+        let maximum = maximum_sample_step(&output);
+        assert!(
+            maximum <= MAX_SAMPLE_STEP,
+            "step {maximum} exceeded {MAX_SAMPLE_STEP}, explicit={explicit_discontinuity}"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            &output[output.len() - CHANNELS..],
+            resumed_frame,
+            "explicit_discontinuity={explicit_discontinuity}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn validates_configuration_and_frame_size() {
+    let invalid_config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+        sample_rate: 0,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        AudioPlaybackRecovery::new(invalid_config).err(),
+        Some(AudioPlaybackError::InvalidConfig(invalid_config))
+    );
+
+    let config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+        sample_rate: SAMPLE_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut recovery = AudioPlaybackRecovery::new(config).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        recovery.process_frame(Some(&[0.5])).err(),
+        Some(AudioPlaybackError::IncompleteFrame {
+            samples: 1,
+            channels: CHANNELS,
+        })
+    );
+}
+
+const CALLBACK_SAMPLES: usize = 64;
+const CALLBACK_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
+const DISCARD_GENERATION: usize = 1;
+
+fn write_while_buffer_is_locked(
+    mut writer: AudioPlaybackWriter,
+    buffer: &Arc<Mutex<ringbuf::HeapRb<f32>>>,
+    generation: &Arc<super::AtomicUsize>,
+) -> (AudioPlaybackWriter, [f32; CALLBACK_SAMPLES]) {
+    let mut guard = buffer.lock().unwrap();
+    let queued = OPPOSITE_ACTIVE_FRAME.repeat(ACTIVE_FRAMES);
+    guard.push_slice(&queued);
+    generation.store(DISCARD_GENERATION, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    let (completed_tx, completed_rx) = mpsc::channel();
+    let callback = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let mut output = [0.0; CALLBACK_SAMPLES];
+        crate::audio_resampler::allocation_tests::assert_no_allocations(|| {
+            writer.write_output(&mut output);
+        });
+        completed_tx.send((writer, output)).unwrap();
+    });
+    let completed = completed_rx.recv_timeout(CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
+    let retained = guard.occupied_len();
+    drop(guard);
+    callback.join().unwrap();
+    let result = completed.expect("playback callback waited for the buffer owner");
+    assert_eq!(retained, queued.len());
+    result
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn playback_contention_preserves_queued_audio_and_recovers_after_release() {
+    let samples = ACTIVE_FRAMES * CHANNELS;
+    let buffer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(ringbuf::HeapRb::new(samples)));
+    let generation = Arc::new(super::AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+        sample_rate: SAMPLE_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut writer = AudioPlaybackWriter::new(config, buffer.clone(), generation.clone()).unwrap();
+    buffer
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap()
+        .push_slice(&ACTIVE_FRAME.repeat(ACTIVE_FRAMES));
+    let mut output = vec![0.0; samples];
+    writer.write_output(&mut output);
+    assert_eq!(&output[samples - CHANNELS..], &ACTIVE_FRAME);
+
+    let (mut writer, gap) = write_while_buffer_is_locked(writer, &buffer, &generation);
+
+    assert_eq!(writer.status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert!(writer.status.ready.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+    assert_eq!(writer.observed_discontinuity_generation, 0);
+    assert!(maximum_sample_step(&gap) <= MAX_SAMPLE_STEP);
+    assert!(gap[0] > 0.0 && gap[0] < ACTIVE_FRAME[0]);
+    assert_eq!(gap[1], -gap[0]);
+    assert!(gap[CALLBACK_SAMPLES - CHANNELS] > 0.0);
+    writer.write_output(&mut output);
+    let mut transition = gap[gap.len() - CHANNELS..].to_vec();
+    transition.extend_from_slice(&output[..TRANSITION_FRAMES * CHANNELS]);
+    assert!(maximum_sample_step(&transition) <= MAX_SAMPLE_STEP);
+    assert_eq!(
+        writer.buffered_input,
+        OPPOSITE_ACTIVE_FRAME.repeat(ACTIVE_FRAMES)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(writer.observed_discontinuity_generation, DISCARD_GENERATION);
+    assert_eq!(&output[samples - CHANNELS..], &OPPOSITE_ACTIVE_FRAME);
+    assert_eq!(buffer.lock().unwrap().occupied_len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn poisoned_playback_buffer_reports_once_without_panicking_in_the_callback() {
+    let buffer = Arc::new(Mutex::new(ringbuf::HeapRb::new(CALLBACK_SAMPLES)));
+    let config = AudioPlaybackConfig {
+        sample_rate: SAMPLE_RATE,
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+    };
+    let mut writer =
+        AudioPlaybackWriter::new(config, buffer.clone(), Arc::new(super::AtomicUsize::new(0)))
+            .unwrap();
+    assert!(std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let _guard = buffer.lock().unwrap();
+        panic!("Injected PCM buffer failure");
+    })
+    .join()
+    .is_err());
+    let mut output = [ACTIVE_FRAME[0]; CALLBACK_SAMPLES];
+
+    crate::audio_resampler::allocation_tests::assert_no_allocations(|| {
+        writer.write_output(&mut output);
+    });
+
+    assert_eq!(output, [0.0; CALLBACK_SAMPLES]);
+    assert!(!writer.status.ready.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+    assert!(writer.status.buffer_poisoned.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+    writer.status.report_errors();
+    writer.write_output(&mut output);
+    assert!(!writer.status.buffer_poisoned.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+    assert_eq!(writer.status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 0);
+    assert!(!writer.status.ready.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn contention_counts_accumulate_until_the_next_report() {
+    let status = AudioPlaybackStatus::default();
+    status.report_errors();
+    status.contentions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    status.report_errors();
+    assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 0);
+
+    let mut total = 0;
+    for callbacks in [3, 7, 2] {
+        total += callbacks;
+        status.contentions.fetch_add(callbacks, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        status.report_errors();
+        assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), total);
+    }
+    status.buffer_poisoned.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    status.report_errors();
+    assert!(!status.buffer_poisoned.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+    assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), total);
+
+    std::thread::sleep(super::AUDIO_PLAYBACK_LOG_INTERVAL);
+    status.report_errors();
+    assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn contention_reporting_is_independent_between_playbacks() {
+    let first = AudioPlaybackStatus::default();
+    let second = AudioPlaybackStatus::default();
+    for status in [&first, &second] {
+        status.contentions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        status.report_errors();
+        assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 0);
+    }
+    for status in [&first, &second] {
+        status.contentions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        status.report_errors();
+        assert_eq!(status.contentions.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    }
+}
--- a/src/client/audio_state_tests.rs
+++ b/src/client/audio_state_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use super::{create_audio_resampler, AudioDecoder, AudioFrame, AudioHandler, Stereo};
+use cpal::traits::StreamTrait;
+use hbb_common::anyhow::anyhow;
+use magnum_opus::{Application::LowDelay, Encoder};
+use ringbuf::{ring_buffer::RbBase, Rb};
+use std::sync::{
+    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
+    Arc,
+};
+
+const INPUT_RATE: u32 = 24_000;
+const OUTPUT_RATE: u32 = 48_000;
+const CHANNELS: u16 = 2;
+const PACKETS_PER_SECOND: usize = 100;
+const MAX_PACKET_BYTES: usize = 4_096;
+const SAMPLE_VALUE: f32 = 0.25;
+
+struct TrackedAudioStream(Arc<AtomicBool>);
+
+impl StreamTrait for TrackedAudioStream {
+    fn play(&self) -> Result<(), cpal::PlayStreamError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn pause(&self) -> Result<(), cpal::PauseStreamError> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for TrackedAudioStream {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.0.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+    }
+}
+
+fn decoder(sample_rate: u32) -> (AudioDecoder, Vec<f32>) {
+    (
+        AudioDecoder::new(sample_rate, Stereo).unwrap(),
+        vec![0.0; sample_rate as usize * CHANNELS as usize],
+    )
+}
+
+fn active_handler(input_rate: u32) -> (AudioHandler, Arc<AtomicBool>) {
+    let dropped = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+    let handler = AudioHandler {
+        audio_decoder: Some(decoder(input_rate)),
+        audio_resampler: create_audio_resampler(input_rate, OUTPUT_RATE, CHANNELS).unwrap(),
+        sample_rate: (input_rate, OUTPUT_RATE),
+        audio_stream: Some(Box::new(TrackedAudioStream(dropped.clone()))),
+        channels: CHANNELS,
+        device_channel: CHANNELS,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    handler.playback_status.ready.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+    (handler, dropped)
+}
+
+fn audio_frame() -> AudioFrame {
+    let samples = OUTPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND * CHANNELS as usize;
+    let mut encoder = Encoder::new(OUTPUT_RATE, Stereo, LowDelay).unwrap();
+    AudioFrame {
+        data: encoder
+            .encode_vec_float(&vec![SAMPLE_VALUE; samples], MAX_PACKET_BYTES)
+            .unwrap()
+            .into(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn failed_format_change_discards_old_playback_state() {
+    let (mut handler, dropped) = active_handler(INPUT_RATE);
+    handler
+        .audio_buffer
+        .0
+        .lock()
+        .unwrap()
+        .push_slice(&[SAMPLE_VALUE; CHANNELS as usize]);
+    handler.audio_decoder = Some(decoder(OUTPUT_RATE));
+    handler.sample_rate = (OUTPUT_RATE, OUTPUT_RATE);
+
+    handler.handle_audio_start_result(
+        Err(anyhow!("Injected output stream startup failure")),
+        false,
+    );
+
+    assert!(dropped.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
+    assert!(handler.audio_stream.is_none());
+    assert!(handler.audio_resampler.is_none());
+    assert!(handler.audio_decoder.is_none());
+    assert!(!handler.playback_status.ready.load(Ordering::Acquire));
+    handler.handle_frame(audio_frame());
+    assert_eq!(handler.audio_buffer.0.lock().unwrap().occupied_len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn successful_start_or_compatible_failure_preserves_audio_packet_duration() {
+    for result in [
+        Ok(()),
+        Err(anyhow!("Injected compatible stream replacement failure")),
+    ] {
+        let (mut handler, dropped) = active_handler(OUTPUT_RATE);
+
+        handler.handle_audio_start_result(result, true);
+        handler.handle_frame(audio_frame());
+
+        assert!(!dropped.load(Ordering::SeqCst));
+        assert_eq!(
+            handler.audio_buffer.0.lock().unwrap().occupied_len(),
+            OUTPUT_RATE as usize / PACKETS_PER_SECOND * CHANNELS as usize
+        );
+    }
+}
--- a/src/client/file_trait.rs
+++ b/src/client/file_trait.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-use hbb_common::{fs, log, message_proto::*};
+use hbb_common::log;
+use base::{fs, message_proto::*};

 use super::{Data, Interface};

--- a/src/client/helper.rs
+++ b/src/client/helper.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-use hbb_common::{
-    get_time,
-    message_proto::{Message, VoiceCallRequest, VoiceCallResponse},
-};
+use base::message_proto::{Message, VoiceCallRequest, VoiceCallResponse};
+use hbb_common::get_time;
 use scrap::CodecFormat;
 use std::collections::HashMap;

--- a/src/client/io_loop.rs
+++ b/src/client/io_loop.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,26 @@ use crate::{
 // Restart msgbox text is kept as a legacy UI fallback; Flutter handles the type as a control event.
 const RESTART_REMOTE_DEVICE_NO_DATA_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 const KCP_CLOSE_REASON_FLUSH_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(30);
+// Deadline for the parting close-reason send once the peer is presumed gone; KCP waits for send
+// capacity with no deadline of its own.
+const KCP_CLOSE_REASON_GONE_DEADLINE: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
+// Grace after ICE reports Disconnected, which it does ~5s after it stops hearing from the peer,
+// for ~8s in total. Disconnected is transient by design, so this waits out a Wi-Fi roam or a
+// sleep/wake rather than acting on the first hint.
+const WEBRTC_SUSPECT_GRACE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
+// KCP gets no such hint, only how long since a packet arrived; its endpoint pings an idle peer
+// about every 2s, so this is several missed pings, and matches the 8s WebRTC arrives at.
+const KCP_PEER_SILENCE_LIMIT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(8);
 #[cfg(feature = "unix-file-copy-paste")]
 use crate::{clipboard::try_empty_clipboard_files, clipboard_file::unix_file_clip};
+use base::{
+    config::keys,
+    fs::{
+        self, can_enable_overwrite_detection, get_job, get_string, new_send_confirm,
+        DigestCheckResult, RemoveJobMeta,
+    },
+    message_proto::{permission_info::Permission, *},
+};
 #[cfg(any(
    target_os = "windows",
    all(target_os = "macos", feature = "unix-file-copy-paste")
@@ -28,12 +46,7 @@ use hbb_common::tokio::sync::mpsc::error::TryRecvError;
 use hbb_common::{
    allow_err,
    config::{self, LocalConfig, PeerConfig, TransferSerde},
-    fs::{
-        self, can_enable_overwrite_detection, get_job, get_string, new_send_confirm,
-        DigestCheckResult, RemoveJobMeta,
-    },
    get_time, log,
-    message_proto::{permission_info::Permission, *},
    protobuf::Message as _,
    rendezvous_proto::ConnType,
    timeout,
@@ -185,6 +198,14 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                    .unwrap()
                    .set_connected();
                let is_secured = peer.is_secured();
+                // Only WebRTC needs refining: its label names the transport that won the race,
+                // not the family ICE ended up nominating, and it is the one path where the two
+                // can disagree with the address the rendezvous observed.
+                let stream_type = if peer.webrtc_remote_ipv6().await.unwrap_or(false) {
+                    "WebRTC/IPv6"
+                } else {
+                    stream_type
+                };
                self.handler
                    .set_connection_type(is_secured, direct, stream_type); // flutter -> connection_ready
                if !is_secured
@@ -236,6 +257,9 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {

                let _keep_it = client::hc_connection(feedback, rendezvous_server, token).await;
                let mut last_recv_time = Instant::now();
+                let mut webrtc_suspect_since: Option<Instant> = None;
+                let mut last_rx_progress = peer.rx_progress();
+                let mut peer_gone = false;

                loop {
                    tokio::select! {
@@ -302,6 +326,37 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                                self.handler.msgbox("restarting-show", "Restarting remote device", "Connection in progress. Please wait.", "");
                                break;
                            }
+                            let rx_progress = peer.rx_progress();
+                            // `None` for transports that report none, and it never changes for a
+                            // given one, so they are inert here.
+                            let progressed = rx_progress != last_rx_progress;
+                            last_rx_progress = rx_progress;
+                            if peer.webrtc_disconnected() && !progressed {
+                                webrtc_suspect_since.get_or_insert_with(Instant::now);
+                            } else {
+                                webrtc_suspect_since = None;
+                            }
+                            // Neither limit is a hard upper bound. A send is awaited inline in
+                            // this loop, so one in progress delays this tick - bounded on WebRTC
+                            // by the timeout the stream was built with, not bounded at all on
+                            // KCP. The 30s watchdog above shares the loop and the same delay.
+                            peer_gone = webrtc_suspect_since
+                                .map_or(false, |since| since.elapsed() >= WEBRTC_SUSPECT_GRACE)
+                                || kcp
+                                    .as_ref()
+                                    .and_then(|k| k.peer_silent_for())
+                                    .map_or(false, |silent| silent >= KCP_PEER_SILENCE_LIMIT);
+                            if peer_gone {
+                                log::info!("Peer stopped answering, reconnecting");
+                                #[cfg(feature = "flutter")]
+                                self.handler.msgbox("restarting-show", "Connecting...", "Connection in progress. Please wait.", "");
+                                // Sciter knows no `restarting-show` and would show a dialog that
+                                // waits for a click, where the timeout this arrives ahead of is
+                                // retryable and reconnects on its own. Keep that message for it.
+                                #[cfg(not(feature = "flutter"))]
+                                self.handler.msgbox("error", "Connection Error", "Timeout", "");
+                                break;
+                            }
                            let elapsed = fps_instant.elapsed().as_millis();
                            if elapsed < 1000 {
                                continue;
@@ -347,6 +402,11 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                    s.send(()).ok();
                }
                if kcp.is_some() {
+                    // Attempted rather than skipped even here: if the loss was one-way the peer
+                    // does get it, and drops its side instead of waiting out its own timeout.
+                    if peer_gone {
+                        peer.set_send_timeout(KCP_CLOSE_REASON_GONE_DEADLINE.as_millis() as u64);
+                    }
                    // Send the close reason if it hasn't been sent yet, as KCP cannot detect the socket close event.
                    self.send_close_reason(&mut peer, "kcp").await;
                    // KCP does not send messages immediately, so wait to ensure the last message is sent.
@@ -2028,9 +2088,8 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                        #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
                        Ok(file_transfer_send_request::FileType::Printer) => {
                            #[cfg(feature = "flutter")]
-                            let action = LocalConfig::get_option(
-                                config::keys::OPTION_PRINTER_INCOMING_JOB_ACTION,
-                            );
+                            let action =
+                                LocalConfig::get_option(keys::OPTION_PRINTER_INCOMING_JOB_ACTION);
                            #[cfg(not(feature = "flutter"))]
                            let action = "";
                            if action == "dismiss" {
@@ -2039,7 +2098,7 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                                let id = fs::get_next_job_id();
                                #[cfg(feature = "flutter")]
                                let allow_auto_print = LocalConfig::get_bool_option(
-                                    config::keys::OPTION_PRINTER_ALLOW_AUTO_PRINT,
+                                    keys::OPTION_PRINTER_ALLOW_AUTO_PRINT,
                                );
                                #[cfg(not(feature = "flutter"))]
                                let allow_auto_print = false;
@@ -2047,9 +2106,7 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                                    let printer_name = if action == "" {
                                        "".to_string()
                                    } else {
-                                        LocalConfig::get_option(
-                                            config::keys::OPTION_PRINTER_SELECTED_NAME,
-                                        )
+                                        LocalConfig::get_option(keys::OPTION_PRINTER_SELECTED_NAME)
                                    };
                                    self.handler.printer_response(id, _s.path, printer_name);
                                } else {
@@ -2115,7 +2172,7 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
                        .handle_screenshot_resp(response.sid, response.msg);
                }
                Some(message::Union::TerminalResponse(response)) => {
-                    use hbb_common::message_proto::terminal_response::Union;
+                    use base::message_proto::terminal_response::Union;
                    if let Some(Union::Opened(opened)) = &response.union {
                        if opened.success && !opened.service_id.is_empty() {
                            let mut lc = self.handler.lc.write().unwrap();
@@ -2339,14 +2396,10 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
    }

    #[cfg(any(target_os = "windows", feature = "unix-file-copy-paste"))]
-    async fn handle_cliprdr_msg(
-        &mut self,
-        clip: hbb_common::message_proto::Cliprdr,
-        _peer: &mut Stream,
-    ) {
+    async fn handle_cliprdr_msg(&mut self, clip: base::message_proto::Cliprdr, _peer: &mut Stream) {
        log::debug!("handling cliprdr msg from server peer");
        #[cfg(feature = "flutter")]
-        if let Some(hbb_common::message_proto::cliprdr::Union::FormatList(_)) = &clip.union {
+        if let Some(base::message_proto::cliprdr::Union::FormatList(_)) = &clip.union {
            if self.client_conn_id
                != clipboard::get_client_conn_id(&crate::flutter::get_cur_peer_id()).unwrap_or(0)
            {
@@ -2456,8 +2509,7 @@ impl<T: InvokeUiSession> Remote<T> {
        );
        self.video_threads.insert(display, video_thread);
        if self.video_threads.len() == 1 {
-            let auto_record =
-                LocalConfig::get_bool_option(config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_OUTGOING);
+            let auto_record = LocalConfig::get_bool_option(keys::OPTION_ALLOW_AUTO_RECORD_OUTGOING);
            self.handler.lc.write().unwrap().record_state = auto_record;
            self.update_record_state();
        }
--- a/src/client/screenshot.rs
+++ b/src/client/screenshot.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
 use crate::clipboard::{update_clipboard, ClipboardSide};
-use hbb_common::{message_proto::*, ResultType};
+use base::message_proto::*;
+use hbb_common::ResultType;
 use std::sync::Mutex;

 lazy_static::lazy_static! {
@@ -58,11 +59,14 @@ impl Screenshot {
    }

    fn handle_screenshot(&mut self, action: String) -> String {
-        let Some(data) = self.data.take() else {
+        let Some(data) = self.data.as_ref().cloned() else {
            return "No cached screenshot".to_owned();
        };
        match Self::handle_screenshot_(data, action) {
-            Ok(()) => "".to_owned(),
+            Ok(()) => {
+                self.data = None;
+                "".to_owned()
+            }
            Err(e) => e.to_string(),
        }
    }
@@ -97,3 +101,37 @@ pub fn set_screenshot(data: bytes::Bytes) {
 pub fn handle_screenshot(action: String) -> String {
    SCREENSHOT.lock().unwrap().handle_screenshot(action)
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::Screenshot;
+    use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn preserves_cached_screenshot_when_save_fails() {
+        let data = bytes::Bytes::from_static(b"screenshot data");
+        let mut screenshot = Screenshot {
+            data: Some(data.clone()),
+        };
+        let unique = SystemTime::now()
+            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .as_nanos();
+        let missing_parent = std::env::temp_dir()
+            .join(format!("rustdesk-screenshot-missing-parent-{unique}"))
+            .join("screenshot.png");
+        let valid_path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("rustdesk-screenshot-{unique}.png"));
+
+        let error = screenshot.handle_screenshot(format!("0:{}", missing_parent.display()));
+
+        assert!(!error.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(screenshot.data.as_deref(), Some(data.as_ref()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            screenshot.handle_screenshot(format!("0:{}", valid_path.display())),
+            ""
+        );
+        assert!(screenshot.data.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(std::fs::read(&valid_path).unwrap(), data.as_ref());
+        std::fs::remove_file(valid_path).unwrap();
+    }
+}
--- a/src/clipboard.rs
+++ b/src/clipboard.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 use arboard::{ClipboardData, ClipboardFormat};
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 use arboard::{LinuxClipboardKind, SetExtLinux};
-use hbb_common::{bail, log, message_proto::*, ResultType};
+use hbb_common::{bail, log, ResultType};
+use base::message_proto::*;
 use std::{
    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
    time::Duration,
@@ -515,10 +516,10 @@ impl ClipboardContext {
                // The host-side clear file clipboard `let _ = self.inner.clear();`,
                // does not work on KDE Plasma for the installed version.

-                // Don't use `hbb_common::platform::linux::is_kde()` here.
+                // Don't use `base::platform::linux::is_kde()` here.
                // It's not correct in the server process.
                #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-                let is_kde_x11 = hbb_common::platform::linux::is_kde_session()
+                let is_kde_x11 = base::platform::linux::is_kde_session()
                    && crate::platform::linux::is_x11();
                #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                let is_kde_x11 = false;
@@ -581,7 +582,7 @@ pub fn get_current_clipboard_msg(
        multi_clipboards
            .clipboards
            .iter()
-            .find(|c| c.format.enum_value() == Ok(hbb_common::message_proto::ClipboardFormat::Text))
+            .find(|c| c.format.enum_value() == Ok(base::message_proto::ClipboardFormat::Text))
            .map(|c| {
                let mut msg = Message::new();
                msg.set_clipboard(c.clone());
@@ -629,8 +630,8 @@ mod proto {
    use arboard::ClipboardData;
    use hbb_common::{
        compress::{compress as compress_func, decompress},
-        message_proto::{Clipboard, ClipboardFormat, Message, MultiClipboards},
    };
+    use base::message_proto::{Clipboard, ClipboardFormat, Message, MultiClipboards};

    fn plain_to_proto(s: String, format: ClipboardFormat) -> Clipboard {
        let compressed = compress_func(s.as_bytes());
@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@ mod proto {
        let content = if compress {
            compressed
        } else {
-            s.bytes().collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+            d
        };
        Clipboard {
            compress,
@@ -794,6 +795,29 @@ mod proto {
                msg
            })
    }
+
+    #[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "android")))]
+    mod tests {
+        use super::{from_clipboard, special_to_proto};
+        use arboard::ClipboardData;
+
+        #[test]
+        fn preserves_uncompressed_special_clipboard_data() {
+            let data = vec![0x01, 0x02, 0x03];
+            let name = "custom-format".to_owned();
+
+            let clipboard = special_to_proto(data.clone(), name.clone());
+
+            assert!(!clipboard.compress);
+            assert_eq!(clipboard.content.as_ref(), data.as_slice());
+            assert_eq!(clipboard.special_name, name);
+            assert!(matches!(
+                from_clipboard(clipboard),
+                Some(ClipboardData::Special((restored_name, restored_data)))
+                    if restored_name == name && restored_data == data
+            ));
+        }
+    }
 }

 #[cfg(all(test, not(target_os = "android")))]
--- a/src/clipboard_file.rs
+++ b/src/clipboard_file.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use clipboard::ClipboardFile;
-use hbb_common::message_proto::*;
+use base::message_proto::*;

 pub fn clip_2_msg(clip: ClipboardFile) -> Message {
    match clip {
--- a/src/common.rs
+++ b/src/common.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    future::Future,
-    net::{SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs},
+    net::SocketAddr,
    sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock},
    task::Poll,
 };

 use serde_json::{json, Map, Value};

+use base::{config::keys, message_proto::*};
 #[cfg(not(target_os = "ios"))]
 use hbb_common::whoami;
 use hbb_common::{
@@ -16,13 +17,10 @@ use hbb_common::{
    async_recursion::async_recursion,
    bail, base64,
    bytes::Bytes,
-    config::{
-        self, keys, use_ws, Config, LocalConfig, CONNECT_TIMEOUT, READ_TIMEOUT, RENDEZVOUS_PORT,
-    },
+    config::{self, use_ws, Config, LocalConfig, CONNECT_TIMEOUT, READ_TIMEOUT, RENDEZVOUS_PORT},
    futures::future::join_all,
    futures_util::future::poll_fn,
    get_version_number, log,
-    message_proto::*,
    protobuf::{Enum, Message as _},
    rendezvous_proto::*,
    socket_client,
@@ -410,6 +408,11 @@ pub fn resample_channels(
    }
 }

+#[cfg(all(feature = "use_dasp", feature = "use_samplerate"))]
+compile_error!(
+    "features `use_dasp` and `use_samplerate` are mutually exclusive; disable default features before selecting `use_samplerate`"
+);
+
 #[cfg(feature = "use_dasp")]
 pub fn audio_resample(
    data: &[f32],
@@ -446,7 +449,7 @@ pub fn audio_resample(
    }
 }

-#[cfg(feature = "use_samplerate")]
+#[cfg(all(feature = "use_samplerate", not(feature = "use_dasp")))]
 pub fn audio_resample(
    data: &[f32],
    sample_rate0: u32,
@@ -1153,6 +1156,13 @@ pub fn is_public(url: &str) -> bool {
    host == "rustdesk.com" || host.ends_with(".rustdesk.com")
 }

+pub fn get_tcp_punch_enabled() -> bool {
+    config::option2bool(
+        keys::OPTION_ENABLE_TCP_PUNCH,
+        &get_local_option(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_TCP_PUNCH),
+    )
+}
+
 pub fn get_udp_punch_enabled() -> bool {
    config::option2bool(
        keys::OPTION_ENABLE_UDP_PUNCH,
@@ -1167,9 +1177,19 @@ pub fn get_ipv6_punch_enabled() -> bool {
    )
 }

+pub fn get_webrtc_enabled() -> bool {
+    config::option2bool(
+        keys::OPTION_ENABLE_WEBRTC,
+        &get_local_option(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_WEBRTC),
+    )
+}
+
 pub fn get_local_option(key: &str) -> String {
    let v = LocalConfig::get_option(key);
-    if key == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_UDP_PUNCH || key == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_IPV6_PUNCH {
+    if key == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_UDP_PUNCH
+        || key == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_IPV6_PUNCH
+        || key == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_WEBRTC
+    {
        if v.is_empty() {
            if !is_public(&Config::get_rendezvous_server()) {
                return "N".to_owned();
@@ -2126,11 +2146,21 @@ pub fn get_rs_pk(str_base64: &str) -> Option<sign::PublicKey> {
 }

 pub fn decode_id_pk(signed: &[u8], key: &sign::PublicKey) -> ResultType<(String, [u8; 32])> {
+    let (id, pk, _) = decode_id_pk_dtls(signed, key)?;
+    Ok((id, pk))
+}
+
+/// Like [`decode_id_pk`] but also returns the signed DTLS certificate fingerprint (empty string
+/// for non-WebRTC peers), used to bind a WebRTC DTLS channel to the verified peer identity.
+pub fn decode_id_pk_dtls(
+    signed: &[u8],
+    key: &sign::PublicKey,
+) -> ResultType<(String, [u8; 32], String)> {
    let res = IdPk::parse_from_bytes(
        &sign::verify(signed, key).map_err(|_| anyhow!("Signature mismatch"))?,
    )?;
    if let Some(pk) = get_pk(&res.pk) {
-        Ok((res.id, pk))
+        Ok((res.id, pk, res.dtls_fingerprint))
    } else {
        bail!("Wrong their public length");
    }
@@ -2432,16 +2462,26 @@ pub fn is_udp_disabled() -> bool {
    Config::get_option(keys::OPTION_DISABLE_UDP) == "Y"
 }

+/// Run KCP with its congestion window (nc=0) instead of the turbo profile it has always shipped.
+///
+/// Opt-in: which profile wins depends on why packets are lost — nc=1 deepens real congestion,
+/// while nc=0 reads random loss as congestion and its RTO backoff drops cwnd to 1. Undecidable
+/// without a shaped link, so keep what users run today.
+#[inline]
+pub fn get_kcp_cc_enabled() -> bool {
+    let k = keys::OPTION_ALLOW_KCP_CC;
+    config::option2bool(k, &Config::get_option(k))
+}
+
 // this crate https://github.com/yoshd/stun-client supports nat type
-async fn stun_ipv6_test(stun_server: &str) -> ResultType<(SocketAddr, String)> {
-    use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
+async fn stun_ipv6_test(stun_server: String) -> ResultType<(SocketAddr, String)> {
    use stunclient::StunClient;
    let local_addr = SocketAddr::from(([0u16; 8], 0)); // [::]:0
    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(&local_addr).await?;
-    let Some(stun_addr) = stun_server
-        .to_socket_addrs()?
-        .filter(|x| x.is_ipv6())
-        .next()
+    // Resolve via tokio so DNS never blocks the async runtime worker.
+    let Some(stun_addr) = tokio::net::lookup_host(&stun_server)
+        .await?
+        .find(|x| x.is_ipv6())
    else {
        bail!(
            "Failed to resolve STUN ipv6 server address: {}",
@@ -2451,81 +2491,36 @@ async fn stun_ipv6_test(stun_server: &str) -> ResultType<(SocketAddr, String)> {
    let client = StunClient::new(stun_addr);
    let addr = client.query_external_address_async(&socket).await?;
    Ok(if addr.ip().is_ipv6() {
-        (addr, stun_server.to_owned())
+        (addr, stun_server)
    } else {
        bail!("STUN server returned non-IPv6 address: {}", addr)
    })
 }

-async fn stun_ipv4_test(stun_server: &str) -> ResultType<(SocketAddr, String)> {
-    use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
-    use stunclient::StunClient;
-    let local_addr = SocketAddr::from(([0u8; 4], 0));
-    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(&local_addr).await?;
-    let Some(stun_addr) = stun_server
-        .to_socket_addrs()?
-        .filter(|x| x.is_ipv4())
-        .next()
-    else {
-        bail!(
-            "Failed to resolve STUN ipv4 server address: {}",
-            stun_server
-        );
-    };
-    let client = StunClient::new(stun_addr);
-    let addr = client.query_external_address_async(&socket).await?;
-    Ok(if addr.ip().is_ipv4() {
-        (addr, stun_server.to_owned())
-    } else {
-        bail!("STUN server returned non-IPv6 address: {}", addr)
-    })
-}
-
-static STUNS_V4: [&str; 3] = [
-    "stun.l.google.com:19302",
-    "stun.cloudflare.com:3478",
-    "stun.nextcloud.com:3478",
-];
-
-static STUNS_V6: [&str; 3] = [
-    "stun.l.google.com:19302",
-    "stun.cloudflare.com:3478",
-    "stun.nextcloud.com:3478",
-];
-
-pub async fn test_nat_ipv4() -> ResultType<(SocketAddr, String)> {
-    use hbb_common::futures::future::{select_ok, FutureExt};
-    let tests = STUNS_V4
-        .iter()
-        .map(|&stun| stun_ipv4_test(stun).boxed())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    match select_ok(tests).await {
-        Ok(res) => {
-            return Ok(res.0);
-        }
-        Err(e) => {
-            bail!(
-                "Failed to get public IPv4 address via public STUN servers: {}",
-                e
-            );
-        }
-    };
-}
-
 async fn test_bind_ipv6() -> ResultType<SocketAddr> {
+    use hbb_common::futures::future::FutureExt;
    let local_addr = SocketAddr::from(([0u16; 8], 0)); // [::]:0
    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(local_addr).await?;
-    let addr = STUNS_V6[0]
-        .to_socket_addrs()?
-        .filter(|x| x.is_ipv6())
-        .next()
-        .ok_or_else(|| {
-            anyhow!(
-                "Failed to resolve STUN ipv6 server address: {}",
-                STUNS_V6[0]
-            )
-        })?;
+    // Nothing is sent - `connect` only makes the kernel pick a route and a source address - so any
+    // resolvable target answers equally and the whole cost is DNS. Race the lookups rather than
+    // walk them: this is awaited inline on the connection path, not every STUN host publishes a
+    // AAAA, and one resolver that hangs must not decide whether this host has v6.
+    let lookups = hbb_common::webrtc::WebRTCStream::default_stun_servers()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|stun| {
+            (async move {
+                let addr = tokio::net::lookup_host(&stun)
+                    .await?
+                    .find(|x| x.is_ipv6())
+                    .ok_or_else(|| {
+                        anyhow!("Failed to resolve STUN ipv6 server address: {}", stun)
+                    })?;
+                Ok::<SocketAddr, hbb_common::anyhow::Error>(addr)
+            })
+            .boxed()
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let (addr, _) = hbb_common::futures::future::select_ok(lookups).await?;
    socket.connect(addr).await?;
    Ok(socket.local_addr()?)
 }
@@ -2592,9 +2587,9 @@ pub async fn test_ipv6() -> Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>> {

    Some(tokio::spawn(async {
        use hbb_common::futures::future::{select_ok, FutureExt};
-        let tests = STUNS_V6
-            .iter()
-            .map(|&stun| stun_ipv6_test(stun).boxed())
+        let tests = hbb_common::webrtc::WebRTCStream::default_stun_servers()
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|stun| stun_ipv6_test(stun).boxed())
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        match select_ok(tests).await {
@@ -2615,51 +2610,117 @@ pub async fn test_ipv6() -> Option<tokio::task::JoinHandle<()>> {
    }))
 }

+// A punch packet carries a magic and a transaction id so a reply can be *proven* to answer this
+// probe. The punch it replaces sent a zero-length datagram and called the hole open on whatever
+// arrived next - which the rendezvous NAT test's own leftover replies satisfied instantly, so the
+// retry loop below never actually ran and its success meant nothing.
+const PUNCH_PROBE: [u8; 4] = *b"RDP?";
+const PUNCH_ACK: [u8; 4] = *b"RDP!";
+const PUNCH_PACKET_LEN: usize = 12;
+
+fn punch_packet(tag: &[u8; 4], tid: u64) -> [u8; PUNCH_PACKET_LEN] {
+    let mut packet = [0u8; PUNCH_PACKET_LEN];
+    packet[..4].copy_from_slice(tag);
+    packet[4..].copy_from_slice(&tid.to_le_bytes());
+    packet
+}
+
+fn punch_tid(packet: &[u8], tag: &[u8; 4]) -> Option<u64> {
+    if packet.len() != PUNCH_PACKET_LEN || packet[..4] != tag[..] {
+        return None;
+    }
+    packet[4..].try_into().ok().map(u64::from_le_bytes)
+}
+
+/// Punch until one of our own probes is acknowledged. Both ends run this identically - each
+/// probes, each answers the other's probes - and each returns only once a reply carrying its own
+/// transaction id comes back, the one thing that proves the pair carries traffic both ways.
+///
+/// Returning is therefore a fact rather than a guess, which is what lets the caller stop instead
+/// of handing a dead socket to a transport whose only way to discover the truth is to time out.
+///
+/// A datagram that is neither probe nor acknowledgement is returned rather than dropped: it means
+/// the peer finished first and is already speaking KCP, whose SYN is never retransmitted.
+///
+/// Only the connector stops on its own acknowledgement, because only it has something to send
+/// next. An acknowledgement proves our probe came back, not that the peer's probe was answered -
+/// and after this returns nothing answers probes any more, since KCP's io loop drops anything
+/// shorter than its header. A listener that stopped here would go mute while a peer whose own
+/// probe or answer was lost - the normal state of a hole that is still opening - kept probing an
+/// endpoint that works, until it timed out. So the listener stops on the peer's first real packet.
 pub async fn punch_udp(
    socket: Arc<UdpSocket>,
    listen: bool,
 ) -> ResultType<Option<bytes::BytesMut>> {
+    let tid = ((hbb_common::time_based_rand() as u64) << 32) | hbb_common::time_based_rand() as u64;
+    let probe = punch_packet(&PUNCH_PROBE, tid);
+    let mut data = [0u8; 1500];
+    // `connect` does not flush the receive queue, so the NAT test's extra replies are still in it.
+    while socket.try_recv(&mut data).is_ok() {}
+
    let mut retry_interval = Duration::from_millis(20);
    const MAX_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(200);
-    const MAX_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_secs(20);
-    let mut packets_sent = 0;
-    socket.send(&[]).await.ok();
-    packets_sent += 1;
-    let mut last_send_time = Instant::now();
+    // Both ends start within one rendezvous round trip of each other and the acknowledgement is
+    // one peer round trip, so a pair that has not answered in this long is not going to. The old
+    // 20s came from having no way to tell "not yet" from "never".
+    const MAX_TIME: Duration = Duration::from_secs(3);
+    let mut probes_sent = 0u32;
+    let mut probes_seen = 0u32;
+    let mut acked = false;
+    let mut recv_errors = 0u32;
+    socket.send(&probe).await.ok();
+    probes_sent += 1;
    let tm = Instant::now();
-    let mut data = [0u8; 1500];
+    // Absolute instants, not relative sleeps: `select!` rebuilds every arm each iteration, so a
+    // peer that keeps the receive side ready restarts a relative timer before it can fire. That
+    // both defeats MAX_TIME and starves the retransmit, and the peer decides the rate - an
+    // old-build peer's empty datagrams match no arm below and loop without even a pause.
+    let deadline = tm + MAX_TIME;
+    let mut next_probe = tm + retry_interval;

    loop {
        tokio::select! {
-            _ = hbb_common::sleep(retry_interval.as_secs_f32()) => {
-                if tm.elapsed() > MAX_TIME {
-                    bail!("UDP punch is timed out, stop sending packets after {:?} packets", packets_sent);
-                }
-                let elapsed = last_send_time.elapsed();
-
-                if elapsed >= retry_interval {
-                    socket.send(&[]).await.ok();
-                    packets_sent += 1;
-
-                    // Exponentially increase interval to reduce network pressure
-                    retry_interval = std::cmp::min(
-                        Duration::from_millis((retry_interval.as_millis() as f64 * 1.5) as u64),
-                        MAX_INTERVAL
-                    );
-                    last_send_time = Instant::now();
-                }
+            _ = tokio::time::sleep_until(deadline) => {
+                bail!("UDP punch is timed out, {probes_sent} probes sent, {probes_seen} probes received, acked: {acked}, {recv_errors} recv errors absorbed");
+            }
+            _ = tokio::time::sleep_until(next_probe) => {
+                socket.send(&probe).await.ok();
+                probes_sent += 1;
+                retry_interval = std::cmp::min(retry_interval.mul_f64(1.5), MAX_INTERVAL);
+                next_probe = Instant::now() + retry_interval;
            }
            res = socket.recv(&mut data) => match res {
-                Err(e) => bail!("UDP punch failed, {packets_sent} packets sent: {e}"),
+                Err(e) => {
+                    // ICMP unreachable from the peer's NAT is expected while the hole forms and
+                    // surfaces here as ConnectionReset/Refused; treat it as loss, MAX_TIME bounds
+                    // the attempt. Log only the first - this retries every 10ms.
+                    recv_errors += 1;
+                    if recv_errors == 1 {
+                        log::debug!("UDP punch recv error (treated as loss): {e}");
+                    }
+                    hbb_common::sleep(0.01).await;
+                }
                Ok(n) => {
-                    // log::debug!("UDP punch succeeded after sending {} packets after {:?}", packets_sent, tm.elapsed());
-                    if listen {
-                        if n == 0 {
-                            continue;
+                    let ack = punch_tid(&data[..n], &PUNCH_ACK);
+                    if ack == Some(tid) {
+                        if !listen {
+                            log::debug!(
+                                "UDP punch confirmed in {:?}, {probes_sent} probes sent, {probes_seen} received",
+                                tm.elapsed()
+                            );
+                            return Ok(None);
                        }
+                        acked = true;
+                    } else if let Some(peer_tid) = punch_tid(&data[..n], &PUNCH_PROBE) {
+                        probes_seen += 1;
+                        socket.send(&punch_packet(&PUNCH_ACK, peer_tid)).await.ok();
+                    } else if ack.is_none() && n > 0 {
+                        log::debug!(
+                            "UDP punch confirmed by {n} bytes of peer data in {:?}, {probes_sent} probes sent",
+                            tm.elapsed()
+                        );
                        return Ok(Some(bytes::BytesMut::from(&data[..n])));
                    }
-                    return Ok(None);
                }
            }
        }
@@ -2783,6 +2844,38 @@ mod tests {
        )
    }

+    // The deadline must hold against a peer that keeps the receive side ready. `select!` rebuilds
+    // its arms every iteration, so a relative sleep would be restarted by every datagram and the
+    // punch would run for as long as the peer keeps talking, with no outer timeout to stop it.
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_udp_punch_deadline_survives_a_talkative_peer() {
+        let a = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let b = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").await.unwrap();
+        let (a_addr, b_addr) = (a.local_addr().unwrap(), b.local_addr().unwrap());
+        a.connect(b_addr).await.unwrap();
+        b.connect(a_addr).await.unwrap();
+        // Empty datagrams answer no probe and match no return branch, so they only feed the loop.
+        // Sent well past the punch deadline so a restarted timer would show up as a long run.
+        let flooder = tokio::spawn(async move {
+            let end = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(12);
+            while Instant::now() < end {
+                if b.send(&[]).await.is_err() {
+                    break;
+                }
+                sleep(Duration::from_millis(5)).await;
+            }
+        });
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        let res = punch_udp(Arc::new(a), false).await;
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+        flooder.abort();
+        assert!(res.is_err(), "the punch should have timed out");
+        assert!(
+            elapsed < Duration::from_secs(6),
+            "the punch ran for {elapsed:?}; its deadline did not hold"
+        );
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn untrusted_peer_id_validation() {
        let cases = [
--- a/src/core_main.rs
+++ b/src/core_main.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ use crate::client::translate;
 #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
 #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
 use crate::platform::breakdown_callback;
+use base::config::keys;
 #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
 #[cfg(not(any(target_os = "android", target_os = "ios")))]
-use hbb_common::platform::register_breakdown_handler;
+use base::platform::register_breakdown_handler;
 use hbb_common::{config, log};
 #[cfg(windows)]
 use tauri_winrt_notification::{Duration, Sound, Toast};
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn core_main() -> Option<Vec<String>> {
    }
    #[cfg(windows)]
    if args.contains(&"--connect".to_string()) || args.contains(&"--view-camera".to_string()) {
-        hbb_common::platform::windows::start_cpu_performance_monitor();
+        base::platform::windows::start_cpu_performance_monitor();
    }
    #[cfg(feature = "flutter")]
    if _is_flutter_invoke_new_connection {
@@ -889,7 +890,7 @@ fn is_user_main_ipc_scope_cli_command(args: &[String]) -> bool {

 #[inline]
 fn is_cli_setting_change_disabled() -> bool {
-    let option = config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_COMMAND_LINE_SETTINGS_WHEN_SETTINGS_DISABLED;
+    let option = keys::OPTION_ALLOW_COMMAND_LINE_SETTINGS_WHEN_SETTINGS_DISABLED;
    let allow_command_line_settings =
        config::option2bool(option, &crate::get_builtin_option(option));
    config::is_disable_settings() && !allow_command_line_settings
--- a/src/custom_server.rs
+++ b/src/custom_server.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use hbb_common::{
    bail,
-    base64::{engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD, Engine as _},
+    base64::{
+        engine::general_purpose::{URL_SAFE, URL_SAFE_NO_PAD},
+        Engine as _,
+    },
    sodiumoxide::crypto::sign,
    ResultType,
 };
@@ -25,7 +28,9 @@ fn get_custom_server_from_config_string(s: &str) -> ResultType<CustomServer> {
        12, 46, 129, 83, 17, 84, 193, 119, 197, 130, 103,
    ];
    let pk = sign::PublicKey(*PK);
-    let data = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.decode(tmp)?;
+    let data = URL_SAFE_NO_PAD
+        .decode(&tmp)
+        .or_else(|_| URL_SAFE.decode(&tmp))?;
    if let Ok(lic) = serde_json::from_slice::<CustomServer>(&data) {
        return Ok(lic);
    }
@@ -215,5 +220,16 @@ mod test {
        assert_eq!(
            get_custom_server_from_string("rustdesk-licensed--0nI900VsFHZVBVdIlncwpHS4V0bOZ0dtVldrpVO4JHdCp0YV5WdzUGZzdnYRVjI6ISeltmIsISMuEjLx4SMiojI0N3boJye--.exe")
                .unwrap(), lic);
+        // padded base64 (one '=' after reversal) is accepted, wrong padding is not
+        assert_eq!(
+            get_custom_server_from_string("rustdesk-licensed-=0nI900VsFHZVBVdIlncwpHS4V0bOZ0dtVldrpVO4JHdCp0YV5WdzUGZzdnYRVjI6ISeltmIsISMuEjLx4SMiojI0N3boJye.exe")
+                .unwrap(), lic);
+        assert!(
+            get_custom_server_from_string("rustdesk-licensed-==0nI900VsFHZVBVdIlncwpHS4V0bOZ0dtVldrpVO4JHdCp0YV5WdzUGZzdnYRVjI6ISeltmIsISMuEjLx4SMiojI0N3boJye.exe")
+                .is_err());
+        // bare string as passed to `--config`
+        assert_eq!(
+            get_custom_server_from_string("=0nI900VsFHZVBVdIlncwpHS4V0bOZ0dtVldrpVO4JHdCp0YV5WdzUGZzdnYRVjI6ISeltmIsISMuEjLx4SMiojI0N3boJye.exe")
+                .unwrap(), lic);
    }
 }
--- a/src/flutter.rs
+++ b/src/flutter.rs
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ use hbb_common::dlopen::{
    Error as LibError,
 };
 use hbb_common::{
-    anyhow::anyhow, bail, config::LocalConfig, get_version_number, log, message_proto::*,
+    anyhow::anyhow, bail, config::LocalConfig, get_version_number, log,
    rendezvous_proto::ConnType, ResultType,
 };
+use base::message_proto::*;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::json;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
@@ -1102,7 +1103,7 @@ impl InvokeUiSession for FlutterHandler {
    }

    fn handle_terminal_response(&self, response: TerminalResponse) {
-        use hbb_common::message_proto::terminal_response::Union;
+        use base::message_proto::terminal_response::Union;

        match response.union {
            Some(Union::Opened(opened)) => {
--- a/src/flutter_ffi.rs
+++ b/src/flutter_ffi.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ use crate::{
 use flutter_rust_bridge::{StreamSink, SyncReturn};
 use hbb_common::{
    config::{self, LocalConfig, PeerConfig, PeerInfoSerde},
-    fs, lazy_static, log,
+    lazy_static, log,
    rendezvous_proto::ConnType,
    ResultType,
 };
+use base::{
+    config::keys,
+    fs,
+};
 use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    path::PathBuf,
@@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ pub fn session_toggle_option(session_id: SessionID, value: String) {
    }
    #[cfg(feature = "unix-file-copy-paste")]
    if sessions::get_session_by_session_id(&session_id).is_some()
-        && (value == config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_COPY_PASTE || value == "view-only")
+        && (value == keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_COPY_PASTE || value == "view-only")
    {
        crate::flutter::update_file_clipboard_required();
    }
@@ -965,12 +969,12 @@ pub fn main_get_error() -> String {
 pub fn main_set_option(key: String, value: String) {
    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
    {
-        let is_permission_option = key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD)
-            || key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER)
-            || key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO);
+        let is_permission_option = key.eq(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD)
+            || key.eq(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER)
+            || key.eq(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO);
        let allow_perm_change_in_accept_window = config::option2bool(
-            config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW,
-            &crate::get_builtin_option(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW),
+            keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW,
+            &crate::get_builtin_option(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW),
        );
        if is_permission_option
            && !allow_perm_change_in_accept_window
@@ -985,14 +989,14 @@ pub fn main_set_option(key: String, value: String) {
        }
    }
    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-    if key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_KEYBOARD) {
+    if key.eq(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_KEYBOARD) {
        crate::ui_cm_interface::switch_permission_all(
            "keyboard".to_owned(),
            config::option2bool(&key, &value),
        );
    }
    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
-    if key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD) {
+    if key.eq(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD) {
        crate::ui_cm_interface::switch_permission_all(
            "clipboard".to_owned(),
            config::option2bool(&key, &value),
@@ -1002,11 +1006,11 @@ pub fn main_set_option(key: String, value: String) {
    // If `is_allow_tls_fallback` and https proxy is used, we need to restart rendezvous mediator.
    // No need to check if https proxy is used, because this option does not change frequently
    // and restarting mediator is safe even https proxy is not used.
-    let is_allow_tls_fallback = key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_INSECURE_TLS_FALLBACK);
+    let is_allow_tls_fallback = key.eq(keys::OPTION_ALLOW_INSECURE_TLS_FALLBACK);
    if is_allow_tls_fallback
        || key.eq("custom-rendezvous-server")
-        || key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_WEBSOCKET)
-        || key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_DISABLE_UDP)
+        || key.eq(keys::OPTION_ALLOW_WEBSOCKET)
+        || key.eq(keys::OPTION_DISABLE_UDP)
        || key.eq("api-server")
    {
        if is_allow_tls_fallback {
@@ -1035,14 +1039,14 @@ pub fn main_set_options(json: String) {
    #[cfg(target_os = "android")]
    {
        let allow_perm_change_in_accept_window = config::option2bool(
-            config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW,
-            &crate::get_builtin_option(config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW),
+            keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW,
+            &crate::get_builtin_option(keys::OPTION_ENABLE_PERM_CHANGE_IN_ACCEPT_WINDOW),
        );
        if !allow_perm_change_in_accept_window && crate::ui_cm_interface::has_active_clients() {
            for key in [
-                config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD,
-                config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER,
-                config::keys::OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO,
+                keys::OPTION_ENABLE_CLIPBOARD,
+                keys::OPTION_ENABLE_FILE_TRANSFER,
+                keys::OPTION_ENABLE_AUDIO,
            ] {
                if let Some(value) = map.remove(key) {
                    log::info!(
@@ -1210,8 +1214,8 @@ pub fn main_set_env(key: String, value: Option<String>) -> SyncReturn<()> {
 }

 pub fn main_set_local_option(key: String, value: String) {
-    let is_texture_render_key = key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_TEXTURE_RENDER);
-    let is_d3d_render_key = key.eq(config::keys::OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER);
+    let is_texture_render_key = key.eq(keys::OPTION_TEXTURE_RENDER);
+    let is_d3d_render_key = key.eq(keys::OPTION_ALLOW_D3D_RENDER);
    set_local_option(key, value.clone());
    let is_render_target =
        |session: &crate::flutter::FlutterSession| session.is_default() || session.is_view_camera();
@@ -2651,7 +2655,7 @@ pub fn main_get_common(key: String) -> String {
        #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
        return false.to_string();
    } else if key == "transfer-job-id" {
-        return hbb_common::fs::get_next_job_id().to_string();
+        return base::fs::get_next_job_id().to_string();
    } else if key == "is-remote-modify-enabled-by-control-permissions" {
        return match is_remote_modify_enabled_by_control_permissions() {
            Some(true) => "true",
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`Aplicación de acceso remoto de código abierto, alternativa a TeamViewer.`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`App open source per desktop remoto, alternativa a TeamViewer.`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`Aplicativo de acesso remoto open source, alternativa ao TeamViewer.`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/protos/mod.rs"));`