fix the 2nd

capture backend can now be configured via the `capture_backend` cli argument / config entry

Cargo.lock

@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lan-mouse"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.8.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "ashpd",
@@ -1292,6 +1292,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-trait",
  "clap",
  "core-graphics",
+ "endi",
  "env_logger",
  "futures",
  "futures-core",
@@ -1311,6 +1312,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "slab",
  "tempfile",
+ "thiserror",
  "tokio",
  "toml",
  "wayland-client",
@@ -2010,18 +2012,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.58"
+version = "1.0.61"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03468839009160513471e86a034bb2c5c0e4baae3b43f79ffc55c4a5427b3297"
+checksum = "c546c80d6be4bc6a00c0f01730c08df82eaa7a7a61f11d656526506112cc1709"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.58"
+version = "1.0.61"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c61f3ba182994efc43764a46c018c347bc492c79f024e705f46567b418f6d4f7"
+checksum = "46c3384250002a6d5af4d114f2845d37b57521033f30d5c3f46c4d70e1197533"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [package]
 name = "lan-mouse"
 description = "Software KVM Switch / mouse & keyboard sharing software for Local Area Networks"
-version = "0.7.3"
+version = "0.8.0"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "GPL-3.0-or-later"
 repository = "https://github.com/ferdinandschober/lan-mouse"
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ once_cell = "1.19.0"
 num_enum = "0.7.2"
 hostname = "0.4.0"
 slab = "0.4.9"
+endi = "1.1.0"
+thiserror = "1.0.61"
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
 libc = "0.2.148"

README.md

@@ -69,7 +69,15 @@ Precompiled release binaries for Windows, MacOS and Linux are available in the [
 For Windows, the depenedencies are included in the .zip file, for other operating systems see [Installing Dependencies](#installing-dependencies).
 
 ### Arch Linux
-Lan Mouse is available on the AUR:
+
+Lan Mouse can be installed from the [official repositories](https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/lan-mouse/):
+
+```sh
+pacman -S lan-mouse
+```
+
+It is also available on the AUR:
+
 ```sh
 # git version (includes latest changes)
 paru -S lan-mouse-git

config.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # example configuration
 
+# capture_backend = "LayerShell"
+
 # release bind
 release_bind = [ "KeyA", "KeyS", "KeyD", "KeyF" ]
 

flake.lock

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1710806803,
+        "lastModified": 1716293225,
-        "narHash": "sha256-qrxvLS888pNJFwJdK+hf1wpRCSQcqA6W5+Ox202NDa0=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-pU9ViBVE3XYb70xZx+jK6SEVphvt7xMTbm6yDIF4xPs=",
         "owner": "nixos",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "b06025f1533a1e07b6db3e75151caa155d1c7eb3",
+        "rev": "3eaeaeb6b1e08a016380c279f8846e0bd8808916",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1710987136,
+        "lastModified": 1716257780,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Q8GRdlAIKZ8tJUXrbcRO1pA33AdoPfTUirsSnmGQnOU=",
+        "narHash": "sha256-R+NjvJzKEkTVCmdrKRfPE4liX/KMGVqGUwwS5H8ET8A=",
         "owner": "oxalica",
         "repo": "rust-overlay",
-        "rev": "97596b54ac34ad8184ca1eef44b1ec2e5c2b5f9e",
+        "rev": "4e5e3d2c5c9b2721bd266f9e43c14e96811b89d2",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {

nix/default.nix

@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
   rustPlatform,
   lib,
   pkgs,
-}:
+}: let
+  cargoToml = builtins.fromTOML (builtins.readFile ../Cargo.toml);
+  pname = cargoToml.package.name;
+  version = cargoToml.package.version;
+in
 rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
-  pname = "lan-mouse";
+  pname = pname;
-  version = "0.7.0";
+  version = version;
 
   nativeBuildInputs = with pkgs; [
     pkg-config
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
   ];
 
   src = builtins.path {
-    name = "lan-mouse";
+    name = pname;
     path = lib.cleanSource ../.;
   };
 
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ rustPlatform.buildRustPackage {
       Lan Mouse is a mouse and keyboard sharing software similar to universal-control on Apple devices. It allows for using multiple pcs with a single set of mouse and keyboard. This is also known as a Software KVM switch.
       The primary target is Wayland on Linux but Windows and MacOS and Linux on Xorg have partial support as well (see below for more details).
     '';
-    mainProgram = "lan-mouse";
+    mainProgram = pname;
     platforms = platforms.all;
   };
 }

src/capture.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ use futures_core::Stream;
 
 use crate::{
     client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle},
+    config::CaptureBackend,
     event::Event,
 };
 
+use self::error::CaptureCreationError;
+
+pub mod error;
+
 #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
 pub mod libei;
 
@@ -25,48 +30,57 @@ pub mod x11;
 /// fallback input capture (does not produce events)
 pub mod dummy;
 
-pub async fn create() -> Box<dyn InputCapture<Item = io::Result<(ClientHandle, Event)>>> {
+pub async fn create_backend(
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    backend: CaptureBackend,
-    match macos::MacOSInputCapture::new() {
+) -> Result<Box<dyn InputCapture<Item = io::Result<(ClientHandle, Event)>>>, CaptureCreationError> {
-        Ok(p) => return Box::new(p),
+    match backend {
-        Err(e) => log::info!("macos input capture not available: {e}"),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        CaptureBackend::InputCapturePortal => Ok(Box::new(libei::LibeiInputCapture::new().await?)),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        CaptureBackend::LayerShell => Ok(Box::new(wayland::WaylandInputCapture::new()?)),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        CaptureBackend::X11 => Ok(Box::new(x11::X11InputCapture::new()?)),
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        CaptureBackend::Windows => Ok(Box::new(windows::WindowsInputCapture::new())),
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        CaptureBackend::MacOs => Ok(Box::new(macos::MacOSInputCapture::new()?)),
+        CaptureBackend::Dummy => Ok(Box::new(dummy::DummyInputCapture::new())),
     }
+}
 
-    #[cfg(windows)]
+pub async fn create(
-    match windows::WindowsInputCapture::new() {
+    backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
-        Ok(p) => return Box::new(p),
+) -> Result<Box<dyn InputCapture<Item = io::Result<(ClientHandle, Event)>>>, CaptureCreationError> {
-        Err(e) => log::info!("windows input capture not available: {e}"),
+    if let Some(backend) = backend {
-    }
+        let b = create_backend(backend).await;
-
+        if b.is_ok() {
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            log::info!("using capture backend: {backend}");
-    match libei::LibeiInputCapture::new().await {
-        Ok(p) => {
-            log::info!("using libei input capture");
-            return Box::new(p);
         }
-        Err(e) => log::info!("libei input capture not available: {e}"),
+        return b;
     }
 
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    for backend in [
-    match wayland::WaylandInputCapture::new() {
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-        Ok(p) => {
+        CaptureBackend::InputCapturePortal,
-            log::info!("using layer-shell input capture");
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-            return Box::new(p);
+        CaptureBackend::LayerShell,
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        CaptureBackend::X11,
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        CaptureBackend::Windows,
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        CaptureBackend::MacOs,
+        CaptureBackend::Dummy,
+    ] {
+        match create_backend(backend).await {
+            Ok(b) => {
+                log::info!("using capture backend: {backend}");
+                return Ok(b);
+            }
+            Err(e) => log::warn!("{backend} input capture backend unavailable: {e}"),
         }
-        Err(e) => log::info!("layer_shell input capture not available: {e}"),
     }
-
+    Err(CaptureCreationError::NoAvailableBackend)
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-    match x11::X11InputCapture::new() {
-        Ok(p) => {
-            log::info!("using x11 input capture");
-            return Box::new(p);
-        }
-        Err(e) => log::info!("x11 input capture not available: {e}"),
-    }
-
-    log::error!("falling back to dummy input capture");
-    Box::new(dummy::DummyInputCapture::new())
 }
 
 pub trait InputCapture: Stream<Item = io::Result<(ClientHandle, Event)>> + Unpin {

src/capture/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+use std::io;
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+use wayland_client::{
+    backend::WaylandError,
+    globals::{BindError, GlobalError},
+    ConnectError, DispatchError,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum CaptureCreationError {
+    NoAvailableBackend,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Libei(#[from] LibeiCaptureCreationError),
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    LayerShell(#[from] LayerShellCaptureCreationError),
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    X11(#[from] X11InputCaptureCreationError),
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    Macos(#[from] MacOSInputCaptureCreationError),
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    Windows,
+}
+
+impl Display for CaptureCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let reason = match self {
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureCreationError::Libei(reason) => {
+                format!("error creating portal backend: {reason}")
+            }
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureCreationError::LayerShell(reason) => {
+                format!("error creating layer-shell backend: {reason}")
+            }
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureCreationError::X11(e) => format!("{e}"),
+            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+            CaptureCreationError::Macos(e) => format!("{e}"),
+            #[cfg(windows)]
+            CaptureCreationError::Windows => String::new(),
+            CaptureCreationError::NoAvailableBackend => "no available backend".to_string(),
+        };
+        write!(f, "could not create input capture: {reason}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum LibeiCaptureCreationError {
+    Ashpd(#[from] ashpd::Error),
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for LibeiCaptureCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            LibeiCaptureCreationError::Ashpd(portal_error) => write!(f, "{portal_error}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub struct WaylandBindError {
+    inner: BindError,
+    protocol: &'static str,
+}
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl WaylandBindError {
+    pub(crate) fn new(inner: BindError, protocol: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { inner, protocol }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for WaylandBindError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{} protocol not supported: {}",
+            self.protocol, self.inner
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum LayerShellCaptureCreationError {
+    Connect(#[from] ConnectError),
+    Global(#[from] GlobalError),
+    Wayland(#[from] WaylandError),
+    Bind(#[from] WaylandBindError),
+    Dispatch(#[from] DispatchError),
+    Io(#[from] io::Error),
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for LayerShellCaptureCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Bind(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Connect(e) => {
+                write!(f, "could not connect to wayland compositor: {e}")
+            }
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Global(e) => write!(f, "wayland error: {e}"),
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Wayland(e) => write!(f, "wayland error: {e}"),
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Dispatch(e) => {
+                write!(f, "error dispatching wayland events: {e}")
+            }
+            LayerShellCaptureCreationError::Io(e) => write!(f, "io error: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum X11InputCaptureCreationError {
+    NotImplemented,
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for X11InputCaptureCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "X11 input capture is not yet implemented :(")
+    }
+}
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum MacOSInputCaptureCreationError {
+    NotImplemented,
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+impl Display for MacOSInputCaptureCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "macos input capture is not yet implemented :(")
+    }
+}

src/capture/libei.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ use crate::{
     event::{Event, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent},
 };
 
+use super::error::LibeiCaptureCreationError;
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 enum ProducerEvent {
     Release,
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ impl<'a> Drop for LibeiInputCapture<'a> {
 
 async fn create_session<'a>(
     input_capture: &'a InputCapture<'a>,
-) -> Result<(Session<'a>, BitFlags<Capabilities>)> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(Session<'a>, BitFlags<Capabilities>), ashpd::Error> {
     log::debug!("creating input capture session");
     let (session, capabilities) = loop {
         match input_capture
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ async fn wait_for_active_client(
 }
 
 impl<'a> LibeiInputCapture<'a> {
-    pub async fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn new() -> std::result::Result<Self, LibeiCaptureCreationError> {
         let input_capture = Box::pin(InputCapture::new().await?);
         let input_capture_ptr = input_capture.as_ref().get_ref() as *const InputCapture<'static>;
         let mut first_session = Some(create_session(unsafe { &*input_capture_ptr }).await?);

src/capture/macos.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
+use crate::capture::error::MacOSInputCaptureCreationError;
 use crate::capture::InputCapture;
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle};
 use crate::event::Event;
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use std::{io, pin::Pin};
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use std::{io, pin::Pin};
 pub struct MacOSInputCapture;
 
 impl MacOSInputCapture {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> std::result::Result<Self, MacOSInputCaptureCreationError> {
-        Err(anyhow!("not yet implemented"))
+        Err(MacOSInputCaptureCreationError::NotImplemented)
     }
 }
 

src/capture/wayland.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{
-    capture::InputCapture,
+    capture::{error::WaylandBindError, InputCapture},
     client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle, Position},
 };
 
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use futures_core::Stream;
 use memmap::MmapOptions;
 use std::{
@@ -68,6 +67,8 @@ use tempfile;
 
 use crate::event::{Event, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent};
 
+use super::error::LayerShellCaptureCreationError;
+
 struct Globals {
     compositor: wl_compositor::WlCompositor,
     pointer_constraints: ZwpPointerConstraintsV1,
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ struct State {
     qh: QueueHandle<Self>,
     pending_events: VecDeque<(ClientHandle, Event)>,
     output_info: Vec<(WlOutput, OutputInfo)>,
+    scroll_discrete_pending: bool,
 }
 
 struct Inner {
@@ -257,64 +259,37 @@ fn draw(f: &mut File, (width, height): (u32, u32)) {
 }
 
 impl WaylandInputCapture {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> std::result::Result<Self, LayerShellCaptureCreationError> {
-        let conn = match Connection::connect_to_env() {
+        let conn = Connection::connect_to_env()?;
-            Ok(c) => c,
+        let (g, mut queue) = registry_queue_init::<State>(&conn)?;
-            Err(e) => return Err(anyhow!("could not connect to wayland compositor: {e:?}")),
-        };
-
-        let (g, mut queue) = match registry_queue_init::<State>(&conn) {
-            Ok(q) => q,
-            Err(e) => return Err(anyhow!("failed to initialize wl_registry: {e:?}")),
-        };
 
         let qh = queue.handle();
 
-        let compositor: wl_compositor::WlCompositor = match g.bind(&qh, 4..=5, ()) {
+        let compositor: wl_compositor::WlCompositor = g
-            Ok(compositor) => compositor,
+            .bind(&qh, 4..=5, ())
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("wl_compositor >= v4 not supported")),
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wl_compositor 4..=5"))?;
-        };
+        let xdg_output_manager: ZxdgOutputManagerV1 = g
-
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=3, ())
-        let xdg_output_manager: ZxdgOutputManagerV1 = match g.bind(&qh, 1..=3, ()) {
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "xdg_output_manager 1..=3"))?;
-            Ok(xdg_output_manager) => xdg_output_manager,
+        let shm: wl_shm::WlShm = g
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("xdg_output not supported!")),
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
-        };
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wl_shm"))?;
-
+        let layer_shell: ZwlrLayerShellV1 = g
-        let shm: wl_shm::WlShm = match g.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ()) {
+            .bind(&qh, 3..=4, ())
-            Ok(wl_shm) => wl_shm,
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wlr_layer_shell 3..=4"))?;
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("wl_shm v1 not supported")),
+        let seat: wl_seat::WlSeat = g
-        };
+            .bind(&qh, 7..=8, ())
-
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wl_seat 7..=8"))?;
-        let layer_shell: ZwlrLayerShellV1 = match g.bind(&qh, 3..=4, ()) {
-            Ok(layer_shell) => layer_shell,
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("zwlr_layer_shell_v1 >= v3 not supported - required to display a surface at the edge of the screen")),
-        };
-
-        let seat: wl_seat::WlSeat = match g.bind(&qh, 7..=8, ()) {
-            Ok(wl_seat) => wl_seat,
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("wl_seat >= v7 not supported")),
-        };
-
-        let pointer_constraints: ZwpPointerConstraintsV1 = match g.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ()) {
-            Ok(pointer_constraints) => pointer_constraints,
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("zwp_pointer_constraints_v1 not supported")),
-        };
-
-        let relative_pointer_manager: ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1 = match g.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ()) {
-            Ok(relative_pointer_manager) => relative_pointer_manager,
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1 not supported")),
-        };
-
-        let shortcut_inhibit_manager: ZwpKeyboardShortcutsInhibitManagerV1 =
-            match g.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ()) {
-                Ok(shortcut_inhibit_manager) => shortcut_inhibit_manager,
-                Err(_) => {
-                    return Err(anyhow!(
-                        "zwp_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit_manager_v1 not supported"
-                    ))
-                }
-            };
 
+        let pointer_constraints: ZwpPointerConstraintsV1 = g
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "zwp_pointer_constraints_v1"))?;
+        let relative_pointer_manager: ZwpRelativePointerManagerV1 = g
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "zwp_relative_pointer_manager_v1"))?;
+        let shortcut_inhibit_manager: ZwpKeyboardShortcutsInhibitManagerV1 = g
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "zwp_keyboard_shortcuts_inhibit_manager_v1"))?;
         let outputs = vec![];
 
         let g = Globals {
@@ -351,6 +326,7 @@ impl WaylandInputCapture {
             read_guard: None,
             pending_events: VecDeque::new(),
             output_info: vec![],
+            scroll_discrete_pending: false,
         };
 
         // dispatch registry to () again, in order to read all wl_outputs
@@ -752,17 +728,25 @@ impl Dispatch<WlPointer, ()> for State {
             }
             wl_pointer::Event::Axis { time, axis, value } => {
                 let (_, client) = app.focused.as_ref().unwrap();
-                app.pending_events.push_back((
+                if app.scroll_discrete_pending {
-                    *client,
+                    // each axisvalue120 event is coupled with
-                    Event::Pointer(PointerEvent::Axis {
+                    // a corresponding axis event, which needs to
-                        time,
+                    // be ignored to not duplicate the scrolling
-                        axis: u32::from(axis) as u8,
+                    app.scroll_discrete_pending = false;
-                        value,
+                } else {
-                    }),
+                    app.pending_events.push_back((
-                ));
+                        *client,
+                        Event::Pointer(PointerEvent::Axis {
+                            time,
+                            axis: u32::from(axis) as u8,
+                            value,
+                        }),
+                    ));
+                }
             }
             wl_pointer::Event::AxisValue120 { axis, value120 } => {
                 let (_, client) = app.focused.as_ref().unwrap();
+                app.scroll_discrete_pending = true;
                 app.pending_events.push_back((
                     *client,
                     Event::Pointer(PointerEvent::AxisDiscrete120 {

src/capture/windows.rs

@@ -96,8 +96,7 @@ unsafe fn get_event_tid() -> Option<u32> {
 static mut ENTRY_POINT: (i32, i32) = (0, 0);
 
 fn to_mouse_event(wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> Option<PointerEvent> {
-    let mouse_low_level: MSLLHOOKSTRUCT =
+    let mouse_low_level: MSLLHOOKSTRUCT = unsafe { *(lparam.0 as *const MSLLHOOKSTRUCT) };
-        unsafe { *std::mem::transmute::<LPARAM, *const MSLLHOOKSTRUCT>(lparam) };
     match wparam {
         WPARAM(p) if p == WM_LBUTTONDOWN as usize => Some(PointerEvent::Button {
             time: 0,
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ fn to_mouse_event(wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> Option<PointerEvent> {
         },
         WPARAM(p) if p == WM_MOUSEWHEEL as usize => Some(PointerEvent::AxisDiscrete120 {
             axis: 0,
-            value: -(mouse_low_level.mouseData as i32),
+            value: -(mouse_low_level.mouseData as i32 >> 16),
         }),
         WPARAM(p) if p == WM_XBUTTONDOWN as usize || p == WM_XBUTTONUP as usize => {
             let hb = mouse_low_level.mouseData >> 16;
@@ -167,8 +166,7 @@ fn to_mouse_event(wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> Option<PointerEvent> {
 }
 
 unsafe fn to_key_event(wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> Option<KeyboardEvent> {
-    let kybrdllhookstruct: KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT =
+    let kybrdllhookstruct: KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT = *(lparam.0 as *const KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT);
-        *std::mem::transmute::<LPARAM, *const KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT>(lparam);
     let mut scan_code = kybrdllhookstruct.scanCode;
     log::trace!("scan_code: {scan_code}");
     if kybrdllhookstruct.flags.contains(LLKHF_EXTENDED) {
@@ -247,8 +245,7 @@ unsafe fn check_client_activation(wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> bool {
     if wparam.0 != WM_MOUSEMOVE as usize {
         return ACTIVE_CLIENT.is_some();
     }
-    let mouse_low_level: MSLLHOOKSTRUCT =
+    let mouse_low_level: MSLLHOOKSTRUCT = *(lparam.0 as *const MSLLHOOKSTRUCT);
-        unsafe { *std::mem::transmute::<LPARAM, *const MSLLHOOKSTRUCT>(lparam) };
     static mut PREV_POS: Option<(i32, i32)> = None;
     let curr_pos = (mouse_low_level.pt.x, mouse_low_level.pt.y);
     let prev_pos = PREV_POS.unwrap_or(curr_pos);
@@ -578,7 +575,7 @@ fn update_clients(client_event: ClientEvent) {
 }
 
 impl WindowsInputCapture {
-    pub(crate) fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         unsafe {
             let (tx, rx) = channel(10);
             EVENT_TX.replace(tx);
@@ -586,10 +583,10 @@ impl WindowsInputCapture {
             let msg_thread = Some(thread::spawn(|| message_thread(ready_tx)));
             /* wait for thread to set its id */
             ready_rx.recv().expect("channel closed");
-            Ok(Self {
+            Self {
                 msg_thread,
                 event_rx: rx,
-            })
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/capture/x11.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use std::io;
 use std::task::Poll;
 
@@ -9,11 +8,13 @@ use crate::event::Event;
 
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle};
 
+use super::error::X11InputCaptureCreationError;
+
 pub struct X11InputCapture {}
 
 impl X11InputCapture {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> std::result::Result<Self, X11InputCaptureCreationError> {
-        Err(anyhow!("not implemented"))
+        Err(X11InputCaptureCreationError::NotImplemented)
     }
 }
 

src/capture_test.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::capture;
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, Position};
+use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::event::{Event, KeyboardEvent};
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use futures::StreamExt;
@@ -12,12 +13,14 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
         .enable_time()
         .build()?;
 
-    runtime.block_on(LocalSet::new().run_until(input_capture_test()))
+    let config = Config::new()?;
+
+    runtime.block_on(LocalSet::new().run_until(input_capture_test(config)))
 }
 
-async fn input_capture_test() -> Result<()> {
+async fn input_capture_test(config: Config) -> Result<()> {
     log::info!("creating input capture");
-    let mut input_capture = capture::create().await;
+    let mut input_capture = capture::create(config.capture_backend).await?;
     log::info!("creating clients");
     input_capture.notify(ClientEvent::Create(0, Position::Left))?;
     input_capture.notify(ClientEvent::Create(1, Position::Right))?;

src/config.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use anyhow::Result;
-use clap::Parser;
+use clap::{Parser, ValueEnum};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::env;
+use std::fmt::Display;
 use std::net::IpAddr;
 use std::{error::Error, fs};
 use toml;
@@ -15,8 +16,10 @@ pub const DEFAULT_PORT: u16 = 4242;
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub struct ConfigToml {
+    pub capture_backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
+    pub emulation_backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
     pub port: Option<u16>,
-    pub frontend: Option<String>,
+    pub frontend: Option<Frontend>,
     pub release_bind: Option<Vec<scancode::Linux>>,
     pub left: Option<TomlClient>,
     pub right: Option<TomlClient>,
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@ pub struct ConfigToml {
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct TomlClient {
+    pub capture_backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
     pub hostname: Option<String>,
     pub host_name: Option<String>,
     pub ips: Option<Vec<IpAddr>>,
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ struct CliArgs {
 
     /// the frontend to use [cli | gtk]
     #[arg(short, long)]
-    frontend: Option<String>,
+    frontend: Option<Frontend>,
 
     /// non-default config file location
     #[arg(short, long)]
@@ -68,16 +72,106 @@ struct CliArgs {
     /// test input emulation
     #[arg(long)]
     test_emulation: bool,
+
+    /// capture backend override
+    #[arg(long)]
+    capture_backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
+
+    /// emulation backend override
+    #[arg(long)]
+    emulation_backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum CaptureBackend {
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    InputCapturePortal,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    LayerShell,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    X11,
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    Windows,
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    MacOs,
+    Dummy,
+}
+
+impl Display for CaptureBackend {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureBackend::InputCapturePortal => write!(f, "input-capture-portal"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureBackend::LayerShell => write!(f, "layer-shell"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            CaptureBackend::X11 => write!(f, "X11"),
+            #[cfg(windows)]
+            CaptureBackend::Windows => write!(f, "windows"),
+            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+            CaptureBackend::MacOs => write!(f, "MacOS"),
+            CaptureBackend::Dummy => write!(f, "dummy"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, ValueEnum)]
+pub enum EmulationBackend {
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Wlroots,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Libei,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Xdp,
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    X11,
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    Windows,
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    MacOs,
+    Dummy,
+}
+
+impl Display for EmulationBackend {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationBackend::Wlroots => write!(f, "wlroots"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationBackend::Libei => write!(f, "libei"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationBackend::Xdp => write!(f, "xdg-desktop-portal"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationBackend::X11 => write!(f, "X11"),
+            #[cfg(windows)]
+            EmulationBackend::Windows => write!(f, "windows"),
+            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+            EmulationBackend::MacOs => write!(f, "macos"),
+            EmulationBackend::Dummy => write!(f, "dummy"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, ValueEnum)]
 pub enum Frontend {
     Gtk,
     Cli,
 }
 
+impl Default for Frontend {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        if cfg!(feature = "gtk") {
+            Self::Gtk
+        } else {
+            Self::Cli
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Config {
+    pub capture_backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
+    pub emulation_backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
     pub frontend: Frontend,
     pub port: u16,
     pub clients: Vec<(TomlClient, Position)>,
@@ -129,33 +223,14 @@ impl Config {
             Ok(c) => Some(c),
         };
 
-        let frontend = match args.frontend {
+        let frontend_arg = args.frontend;
-            None => match &config_toml {
+        let frontend_cfg = config_toml.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.frontend);
-                Some(c) => c.frontend.clone(),
+        let frontend = frontend_arg.or(frontend_cfg).unwrap_or_default();
-                None => None,
-            },
-            frontend => frontend,
-        };
 
-        let frontend = match frontend {
+        let port = args
-            #[cfg(feature = "gtk")]
+            .port
-            None => Frontend::Gtk,
+            .or(config_toml.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.port))
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "gtk"))]
+            .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PORT);
-            None => Frontend::Cli,
-            Some(s) => match s.as_str() {
-                "cli" => Frontend::Cli,
-                "gtk" => Frontend::Gtk,
-                _ => Frontend::Cli,
-            },
-        };
-
-        let port = match args.port {
-            Some(port) => port,
-            None => match &config_toml {
-                Some(c) => c.port.unwrap_or(DEFAULT_PORT),
-                None => DEFAULT_PORT,
-            },
-        };
 
         log::debug!("{config_toml:?}");
         let release_bind = config_toml
@@ -163,6 +238,14 @@ impl Config {
             .and_then(|c| c.release_bind.clone())
             .unwrap_or(Vec::from_iter(DEFAULT_RELEASE_KEYS.iter().cloned()));
 
+        let capture_backend = args
+            .capture_backend
+            .or(config_toml.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.capture_backend));
+
+        let emulation_backend = args
+            .emulation_backend
+            .or(config_toml.as_ref().and_then(|c| c.emulation_backend));
+
         let mut clients: Vec<(TomlClient, Position)> = vec![];
 
         if let Some(config_toml) = config_toml {
@@ -185,6 +268,8 @@ impl Config {
         let test_emulation = args.test_emulation;
 
         Ok(Config {
+            capture_backend,
+            emulation_backend,
             daemon,
             frontend,
             clients,

src/emulate.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ use std::future;
 
 use crate::{
     client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle},
+    config::EmulationBackend,
     event::Event,
 };
 use anyhow::Result;
 
+use self::error::EmulationCreationError;
+
 #[cfg(windows)]
 pub mod windows;
 
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ pub mod macos;
 
 /// fallback input emulation (logs events)
 pub mod dummy;
+pub mod error;
 
 #[async_trait]
 pub trait InputEmulation: Send {
@@ -41,58 +45,60 @@ pub trait InputEmulation: Send {
     async fn destroy(&mut self);
 }
 
-pub async fn create() -> Box<dyn InputEmulation> {
+pub async fn create_backend(
-    #[cfg(windows)]
+    backend: EmulationBackend,
-    match windows::WindowsEmulation::new() {
+) -> Result<Box<dyn InputEmulation>, EmulationCreationError> {
-        Ok(c) => return Box::new(c),
+    match backend {
-        Err(e) => log::warn!("windows input emulation unavailable: {e}"),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        EmulationBackend::Wlroots => Ok(Box::new(wlroots::WlrootsEmulation::new()?)),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        EmulationBackend::Libei => Ok(Box::new(libei::LibeiEmulation::new().await?)),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        EmulationBackend::X11 => Ok(Box::new(x11::X11Emulation::new()?)),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        EmulationBackend::Xdp => Ok(Box::new(
+            xdg_desktop_portal::DesktopPortalEmulation::new().await?,
+        )),
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        EmulationBackend::Windows => Ok(Box::new(windows::WindowsEmulation::new()?)),
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        EmulationBackend::MacOs => Ok(Box::new(macos::MacOSEmulation::new()?)),
+        EmulationBackend::Dummy => Ok(Box::new(dummy::DummyEmulation::new())),
     }
-
+}
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+
-    match macos::MacOSEmulation::new() {
+pub async fn create(
-        Ok(c) => {
+    backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
-            log::info!("using macos input emulation");
+) -> Result<Box<dyn InputEmulation>, EmulationCreationError> {
-            return Box::new(c);
+    if let Some(backend) = backend {
-        }
+        let b = create_backend(backend).await;
-        Err(e) => log::error!("macos input emulatino not available: {e}"),
+        if b.is_ok() {
-    }
+            log::info!("using emulation backend: {backend}");
-
+        }
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        return b;
-    match wlroots::WlrootsEmulation::new() {
+    }
-        Ok(c) => {
+
-            log::info!("using wlroots input emulation");
+    for backend in [
-            return Box::new(c);
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-        }
+        EmulationBackend::Wlroots,
-        Err(e) => log::info!("wayland backend not available: {e}"),
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-    }
+        EmulationBackend::Libei,
-
+        #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+        EmulationBackend::X11,
-    match libei::LibeiEmulation::new().await {
+        #[cfg(windows)]
-        Ok(c) => {
+        EmulationBackend::Windows,
-            log::info!("using libei input emulation");
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-            return Box::new(c);
+        EmulationBackend::MacOs,
-        }
+        EmulationBackend::Dummy,
-        Err(e) => log::info!("libei not available: {e}"),
+    ] {
-    }
+        match create_backend(backend).await {
-
+            Ok(b) => {
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+                log::info!("using emulation backend: {backend}");
-    match xdg_desktop_portal::DesktopPortalEmulation::new().await {
+                return Ok(b);
-        Ok(c) => {
+            }
-            log::info!("using xdg-remote-desktop-portal input emulation");
+            Err(e) => log::warn!("{e}"),
-            return Box::new(c);
+        }
-        }
+    }
-        Err(e) => log::info!("remote desktop portal not available: {e}"),
+
-    }
+    Err(EmulationCreationError::NoAvailableBackend)
-
-    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
-    match x11::X11Emulation::new() {
-        Ok(c) => {
-            log::info!("using x11 input emulation");
-            return Box::new(c);
-        }
-        Err(e) => log::info!("x11 input emulation not available: {e}"),
-    }
-
-    log::error!("falling back to dummy input emulation");
-    Box::new(dummy::DummyEmulation::new())
 }

src/emulate/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+use thiserror::Error;
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+use wayland_client::{
+    backend::WaylandError,
+    globals::{BindError, GlobalError},
+    ConnectError, DispatchError,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum EmulationCreationError {
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Wlroots(#[from] WlrootsEmulationCreationError),
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Libei(#[from] LibeiEmulationCreationError),
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    Xdp(#[from] XdpEmulationCreationError),
+    #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+    X11(#[from] X11EmulationCreationError),
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    MacOs(#[from] MacOSEmulationCreationError),
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    Windows(#[from] WindowsEmulationCreationError),
+    NoAvailableBackend,
+}
+
+impl Display for EmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let reason = match self {
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationCreationError::Wlroots(e) => format!("wlroots backend: {e}"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationCreationError::Libei(e) => format!("libei backend: {e}"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationCreationError::Xdp(e) => format!("desktop portal backend: {e}"),
+            #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+            EmulationCreationError::X11(e) => format!("x11 backend: {e}"),
+            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+            EmulationCreationError::MacOs(e) => format!("macos backend: {e}"),
+            #[cfg(windows)]
+            EmulationCreationError::Windows(e) => format!("windows backend: {e}"),
+            EmulationCreationError::NoAvailableBackend => "no backend available".to_string(),
+        };
+        write!(f, "could not create input emulation backend: {reason}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WlrootsEmulationCreationError {
+    Connect(#[from] ConnectError),
+    Global(#[from] GlobalError),
+    Wayland(#[from] WaylandError),
+    Bind(#[from] WaylandBindError),
+    Dispatch(#[from] DispatchError),
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub struct WaylandBindError {
+    inner: BindError,
+    protocol: &'static str,
+}
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl WaylandBindError {
+    pub(crate) fn new(inner: BindError, protocol: &'static str) -> Self {
+        Self { inner, protocol }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for WaylandBindError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{} protocol not supported: {}",
+            self.protocol, self.inner
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "wayland", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for WlrootsEmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Bind(e) => write!(f, "{e}"),
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Connect(e) => {
+                write!(f, "could not connect to wayland compositor: {e}")
+            }
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Global(e) => write!(f, "wayland error: {e}"),
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Wayland(e) => write!(f, "wayland error: {e}"),
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Dispatch(e) => {
+                write!(f, "error dispatching wayland events: {e}")
+            }
+            WlrootsEmulationCreationError::Io(e) => write!(f, "io error: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum LibeiEmulationCreationError {
+    Ashpd(#[from] ashpd::Error),
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "libei", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for LibeiEmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            LibeiEmulationCreationError::Ashpd(e) => write!(f, "xdg-desktop-portal: {e}"),
+            LibeiEmulationCreationError::Io(e) => write!(f, "io error: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum XdpEmulationCreationError {
+    Ashpd(#[from] ashpd::Error),
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "xdg_desktop_portal", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for XdpEmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            XdpEmulationCreationError::Ashpd(e) => write!(f, "portal error: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum X11EmulationCreationError {
+    OpenDisplay,
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(unix, feature = "x11", not(target_os = "macos")))]
+impl Display for X11EmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            X11EmulationCreationError::OpenDisplay => write!(f, "could not open display!"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum MacOSEmulationCreationError {
+    EventSourceCreation,
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+impl Display for MacOSEmulationCreationError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            MacOSEmulationCreationError::EventSourceCreation => {
+                write!(f, "could not create event source")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(windows)]
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum WindowsEmulationCreationError {}

src/emulate/libei.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
+use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use std::{
     collections::HashMap,
+    io,
     os::{fd::OwnedFd, unix::net::UnixStream},
     time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH},
 };
 
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use ashpd::{
     desktop::{
         remote_desktop::{DeviceType, RemoteDesktop},
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@ use crate::{
     event::Event,
 };
 
+use super::error::LibeiEmulationCreationError;
+
 pub struct LibeiEmulation {
     handshake: bool,
     context: ei::Context,
@@ -77,14 +80,14 @@ async fn get_ei_fd() -> Result<OwnedFd, ashpd::Error> {
 }
 
 impl LibeiEmulation {
-    pub async fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub async fn new() -> Result<Self, LibeiEmulationCreationError> {
         // fd is owned by the message, so we need to dup it
         let eifd = get_ei_fd().await?;
         let stream = UnixStream::from(eifd);
         // let stream = UnixStream::connect("/run/user/1000/eis-0")?;
         stream.set_nonblocking(true)?;
         let context = ei::Context::new(stream)?;
-        context.flush()?;
+        context.flush().map_err(|e| io::Error::new(e.kind(), e))?;
         let events = EiEventStream::new(context.clone())?;
         Ok(Self {
             handshake: false,

src/emulate/macos.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle};
 use crate::emulate::InputEmulation;
 use crate::event::{Event, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent};
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use core_graphics::display::{CGDisplayBounds, CGMainDisplayID, CGPoint};
 use core_graphics::event::{
@@ -13,6 +12,8 @@ use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use tokio::task::AbortHandle;
 
+use super::error::MacOSEmulationCreationError;
+
 const DEFAULT_REPEAT_DELAY: Duration = Duration::from_millis(500);
 const DEFAULT_REPEAT_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(32);
 
@@ -53,11 +54,9 @@ impl IndexMut<CGMouseButton> for ButtonState {
 unsafe impl Send for MacOSEmulation {}
 
 impl MacOSEmulation {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, MacOSEmulationCreationError> {
-        let event_source = match CGEventSource::new(CGEventSourceStateID::CombinedSessionState) {
+        let event_source = CGEventSource::new(CGEventSourceStateID::CombinedSessionState)
-            Ok(e) => e,
+            .map_err(|_| MacOSEmulationCreationError::EventSourceCreation)?;
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("event source creation failed!")),
-        };
         let button_state = ButtonState {
             left: false,
             right: false,

src/emulate/windows.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+use super::error::WindowsEmulationCreationError;
 use crate::{
     emulate::InputEmulation,
     event::{KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent},
     scancode,
 };
-use anyhow::Result;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use std::ops::BitOrAssign;
 use std::time::Duration;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub struct WindowsEmulation {
 }
 
 impl WindowsEmulation {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, WindowsEmulationCreationError> {
         Ok(Self { repeat_task: None })
     }
 }

src/emulate/wlroots.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle};
-use crate::emulate::InputEmulation;
+use crate::emulate::{error::WlrootsEmulationCreationError, InputEmulation};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::io;
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use std::os::fd::{AsFd, OwnedFd};
 use wayland_client::backend::WaylandError;
 use wayland_client::WEnum;
 
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use wayland_client::protocol::wl_keyboard::{self, WlKeyboard};
 use wayland_client::protocol::wl_pointer::{Axis, ButtonState};
 use wayland_client::protocol::wl_seat::WlSeat;
@@ -30,6 +29,8 @@ use wayland_client::{
 
 use crate::event::{Event, KeyboardEvent, PointerEvent};
 
+use super::error::WaylandBindError;
+
 struct State {
     keymap: Option<(u32, OwnedFd, u32)>,
     input_for_client: HashMap<ClientHandle, VirtualInput>,
@@ -47,18 +48,21 @@ pub(crate) struct WlrootsEmulation {
 }
 
 impl WlrootsEmulation {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, WlrootsEmulationCreationError> {
         let conn = Connection::connect_to_env()?;
         let (globals, queue) = registry_queue_init::<State>(&conn)?;
         let qh = queue.handle();
 
-        let seat: wl_seat::WlSeat = match globals.bind(&qh, 7..=8, ()) {
+        let seat: wl_seat::WlSeat = globals
-            Ok(wl_seat) => wl_seat,
+            .bind(&qh, 7..=8, ())
-            Err(_) => return Err(anyhow!("wl_seat >= v7 not supported")),
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wl_seat 7..=8"))?;
-        };
 
-        let vpm: VpManager = globals.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())?;
+        let vpm: VpManager = globals
-        let vkm: VkManager = globals.bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())?;
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "wlr-virtual-pointer-unstable-v1"))?;
+        let vkm: VkManager = globals
+            .bind(&qh, 1..=1, ())
+            .map_err(|e| WaylandBindError::new(e, "virtual-keyboard-unstable-v1"))?;
 
         let input_for_client: HashMap<ClientHandle, VirtualInput> = HashMap::new();
 
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ impl WlrootsEmulation {
             queue,
         };
         while emulate.state.keymap.is_none() {
-            emulate.queue.blocking_dispatch(&mut emulate.state).unwrap();
+            emulate.queue.blocking_dispatch(&mut emulate.state)?;
         }
         // let fd = unsafe { &File::from_raw_fd(emulate.state.keymap.unwrap().1.as_raw_fd()) };
         // let mmap = unsafe { MmapOptions::new().map_copy(fd).unwrap() };
@@ -182,7 +186,8 @@ impl VirtualInput {
                     }
                     PointerEvent::AxisDiscrete120 { axis, value } => {
                         let axis: Axis = (axis as u32).try_into()?;
-                        self.pointer.axis(0, axis, (value / 15) as f64);
+                        self.pointer
+                            .axis_discrete(0, axis, value as f64 / 6., value / 120);
                         self.pointer.frame();
                     }
                     PointerEvent::Frame {} => self.pointer.frame(),

src/emulate/x11.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use std::ptr;
 use x11::{
@@ -14,6 +13,8 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
+use super::error::X11EmulationCreationError;
+
 pub struct X11Emulation {
     display: *mut xlib::Display,
 }
@@ -21,11 +22,11 @@ pub struct X11Emulation {
 unsafe impl Send for X11Emulation {}
 
 impl X11Emulation {
-    pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, X11EmulationCreationError> {
         let display = unsafe {
             match xlib::XOpenDisplay(ptr::null()) {
                 d if d == ptr::null::<xlib::Display>() as *mut xlib::Display => {
-                    Err(anyhow!("could not open display"))
+                    Err(X11EmulationCreationError::OpenDisplay)
                 }
                 display => Ok(display),
             }

src/emulate/xdg_desktop_portal.rs

@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@ use crate::{
     },
 };
 
+use super::error::XdpEmulationCreationError;
+
 pub struct DesktopPortalEmulation<'a> {
     proxy: RemoteDesktop<'a>,
     session: Session<'a>,
 }
 
 impl<'a> DesktopPortalEmulation<'a> {
-    pub async fn new() -> Result<DesktopPortalEmulation<'a>> {
+    pub async fn new() -> Result<DesktopPortalEmulation<'a>, XdpEmulationCreationError> {
         log::debug!("connecting to org.freedesktop.portal.RemoteDesktop portal ...");
         let proxy = RemoteDesktop::new().await?;
 

src/emulation_test.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use crate::client::{ClientEvent, Position};
+use crate::config::Config;
 use crate::emulate;
 use crate::event::{Event, PointerEvent};
 use anyhow::Result;
@@ -13,14 +14,16 @@ pub fn run() -> Result<()> {
         .enable_time()
         .build()?;
 
-    runtime.block_on(LocalSet::new().run_until(input_emulation_test()))
+    let config = Config::new()?;
+
+    runtime.block_on(LocalSet::new().run_until(input_emulation_test(config)))
 }
 
 const FREQUENCY_HZ: f64 = 1.0;
 const RADIUS: f64 = 100.0;
 
-async fn input_emulation_test() -> Result<()> {
+async fn input_emulation_test(config: Config) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut emulation = emulate::create().await;
+    let mut emulation = emulate::create(config.emulation_backend).await?;
     emulation
         .notify(ClientEvent::Create(0, Position::Left))
         .await;

src/frontend/gtk.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ use std::{
 use crate::frontend::{gtk::window::Window, FrontendRequest};
 
 use adw::Application;
+use endi::{Endian, ReadBytes};
 use gtk::{
     gdk::Display, glib::clone, prelude::*, subclass::prelude::ObjectSubclassIsExt, IconTheme,
 };
@@ -85,16 +86,14 @@ fn build_ui(app: &Application) {
     gio::spawn_blocking(move || {
         match loop {
             // read length
-            let mut len = [0u8; 8];
+            let len = match rx.read_u64(Endian::Big) {
-            match rx.read_exact(&mut len) {
+                Ok(l) => l,
-                Ok(_) => (),
                 Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => break Ok(()),
                 Err(e) => break Err(e),
             };
-            let len = usize::from_be_bytes(len);
 
             // read payload
-            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len];
+            let mut buf = vec![0u8; len as usize];
             match rx.read_exact(&mut buf) {
                 Ok(_) => (),
                 Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => break Ok(()),

src/frontend/gtk/window.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use std::net::TcpStream;
 
 use adw::prelude::*;
 use adw::subclass::prelude::*;
+use endi::{Endian, WriteBytes};
 use glib::{clone, Object};
 use gtk::{
     gio,
@@ -265,8 +266,7 @@ impl Window {
         let mut stream = self.imp().stream.borrow_mut();
         let stream = stream.as_mut().unwrap();
         let bytes = json.as_bytes();
-        let len = bytes.len().to_be_bytes();
+        if let Err(e) = stream.write_u64(Endian::Big, bytes.len() as u64) {
-        if let Err(e) = stream.write(&len) {
             log::error!("error sending message: {e}");
         };
         if let Err(e) = stream.write(bytes) {

src/main.rs

@@ -68,10 +68,12 @@ fn run_service(config: &Config) -> Result<()> {
     // run async event loop
     runtime.block_on(LocalSet::new().run_until(async {
         // run main loop
-        log::info!("Press Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Super to release the mouse");
+        log::info!("Press {:?} to release the mouse", config.release_bind);
 
         let server = Server::new(config);
-        server.run().await?;
+        server
+            .run(config.capture_backend, config.emulation_backend)
+            .await?;
 
         log::debug!("service exiting");
         anyhow::Ok(())

src/scancode.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 /*
  * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/about-keyboard-input
+ * https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/translate.pdf
+ * https://kbd-project.org/docs/scancodes/scancodes-1.html
  */
 #[repr(u32)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, TryFromPrimitive)]
@@ -120,15 +122,15 @@ pub enum Windows {
     KeyF21 = 0x006C,
     KeyF22 = 0x006D,
     KeyF23 = 0x006E,
-    KeyF24 = 0x0076,
+    KeyF24 = 0x0076, // KeyLANG5
     KeypadComma = 0x007E,
     KeyInternational1 = 0x0073,
     KeyInternational2 = 0x0070,
-    KeyInternational3 = 0x007D,
+    KeyInternational3 = 0x007D, // typo in doc -> its Int'l 3 not Int'l 2
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    KeyInternational4 = 0x0079, // FIXME unused
+    KeyInternational4 = 0x0079,
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    KeyInternational5 = 0x007B, // FIXME unused
+    KeyInternational5 = 0x007B,
     // KeyInternational6 = 0x005C,
     KeyLANG1 = 0x0072,
     KeyLANG2 = 0x0071,
@@ -141,6 +143,7 @@ pub enum Windows {
     KeyLeftGUI = 0xE05B,
     KeyRightCtrl = 0xE01D,
     KeyRightShift = 0x0036,
+    KeyFakeRightShift = 0xE036,
     KeyRightAlt = 0xE038,
     KeyRightGUI = 0xE05C,
     KeyScanNextTrack = 0xE019,
@@ -293,7 +296,7 @@ pub enum Linux {
     KeyPause = 119,
     KeyScale = 120, /* AL Compiz Scale (Expose) */
     KeyKpcomma = 121,
-    KeyHangeul = 122,
+    KeyHanguel = 122,
     // KEY_HANGUEL = KeyHangeul,
     KeyHanja = 123,
     KeyYen = 124,
@@ -518,16 +521,16 @@ impl TryFrom<Linux> for Windows {
             Linux::KeyKp3 => Ok(Self::Keypad3PageDn),
             Linux::KeyKp0 => Ok(Self::Keypad0Insert),
             Linux::KeyKpDot => Ok(Self::KeypadDot),
-            Linux::KeyZenkakuhankaku => Ok(Self::KeyLANG1), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyZenkakuhankaku => Ok(Self::KeyF24), // KeyLANG5
-            Linux::Key102nd => Ok(Self::KeyNonUSSlashBar),  // TODO unsure
+            Linux::Key102nd => Ok(Self::KeyNonUSSlashBar), // TODO unsure
             Linux::KeyF11 => Ok(Self::KeyF11),
             Linux::KeyF12 => Ok(Self::KeyF12),
-            Linux::KeyRo => Ok(Self::ErrorRollOver), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyRo => Ok(Self::KeyInternational1),
-            Linux::KeyKatakana => Ok(Self::KeyLANG1), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyKatakana => Ok(Self::KeyLANG3),
-            Linux::KeyHiragana => Ok(Self::KeyLANG2), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyHiragana => Ok(Self::KeyLANG4),
-            Linux::KeyHenkan => Ok(Self::KeyLANG3),  // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyHenkan => Ok(Self::KeyInternational4),
-            Linux::KeyKatakanahiragana => Ok(Self::KeyLANG4), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyKatakanahiragana => Ok(Self::KeyInternational2),
-            Linux::KeyMuhenkan => Ok(Self::KeyLANG4), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyMuhenkan => Ok(Self::KeyInternational5),
             Linux::KeyKpJpComma => Ok(Self::KeypadComma),
             Linux::KeyKpEnter => Ok(Self::KeypadEnter),
             Linux::KeyRightCtrl => Ok(Self::KeyRightCtrl),
@@ -555,9 +558,9 @@ impl TryFrom<Linux> for Windows {
             Linux::KeyPause => Ok(Self::KeyPause),
             Linux::KeyScale => Err(()), // TODO
             Linux::KeyKpcomma => Ok(Self::KeypadComma),
-            Linux::KeyHangeul => Ok(Self::KeyInternational1), // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyHanguel => Ok(Self::KeyLANG1), // FIXME should be 00F2?
-            Linux::KeyHanja => Ok(Self::KeyInternational2),   // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyHanja => Ok(Self::KeyLANG2),   // FIXME should be 00F1?
-            Linux::KeyYen => Ok(Self::KeyInternational3),     // TODO unsure
+            Linux::KeyYen => Ok(Self::KeyInternational3),
             Linux::KeyLeftMeta => Ok(Self::KeyLeftGUI),
             Linux::KeyRightmeta => Ok(Self::KeyRightGUI),
             Linux::KeyCompose => Ok(Self::KeyApplication),
@@ -807,21 +810,22 @@ impl TryFrom<Windows> for Linux {
             Windows::KeyF23 => Ok(Self::KeyF23),
             Windows::KeyF24 => Ok(Self::KeyF24),
             Windows::KeypadComma => Ok(Self::KeyKpcomma),
-            Windows::KeyInternational1 => Ok(Self::KeyHangeul),
+            Windows::KeyInternational1 => Ok(Self::KeyRo),
-            Windows::KeyInternational2 => Ok(Self::KeyHanja),
+            Windows::KeyInternational2 => Ok(Self::KeyKatakanahiragana),
             Windows::KeyInternational3 => Ok(Self::KeyYen),
-            Windows::KeyInternational4 => Err(()),
+            Windows::KeyInternational4 => Ok(Self::KeyHenkan),
-            Windows::KeyInternational5 => Err(()),
+            Windows::KeyInternational5 => Ok(Self::KeyMuhenkan),
-            Windows::KeyLANG1 => Ok(Self::KeyKatakana),
+            Windows::KeyLANG1 => Ok(Self::KeyHanguel),
-            Windows::KeyLANG2 => Ok(Self::KeyHiragana),
+            Windows::KeyLANG2 => Ok(Self::KeyHanja),
-            Windows::KeyLANG3 => Ok(Self::KeyHenkan),
+            Windows::KeyLANG3 => Ok(Self::KeyKatakana),
-            Windows::KeyLANG4 => Ok(Self::KeyKatakanahiragana),
+            Windows::KeyLANG4 => Ok(Self::KeyHiragana),
             Windows::KeyLeftCtrl => Ok(Self::KeyLeftCtrl),
             Windows::KeyLeftShift => Ok(Self::KeyLeftShift),
             Windows::KeyLeftAlt => Ok(Self::KeyLeftAlt),
             Windows::KeyLeftGUI => Ok(Self::KeyLeftMeta),
             Windows::KeyRightCtrl => Ok(Self::KeyRightCtrl),
             Windows::KeyRightShift => Ok(Self::KeyRightShift),
+            Windows::KeyFakeRightShift => Ok(Self::KeyRightShift),
             Windows::KeyRightAlt => Ok(Self::KeyRightalt),
             Windows::KeyRightGUI => Ok(Self::KeyRightmeta),
             Windows::KeyScanNextTrack => Ok(Self::KeyNextsong),

src/server.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use tokio::signal;
 
 use crate::{
     client::{ClientConfig, ClientHandle, ClientManager, ClientState},
-    config::Config,
+    config::{CaptureBackend, Config, EmulationBackend},
     dns,
     frontend::{FrontendListener, FrontendRequest},
     server::capture_task::CaptureEvent,
@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ impl Server {
         }
     }
 
-    pub async fn run(&self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    pub async fn run(
+        &self,
+        capture_backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
+        emulation_backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
+    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         // create frontend communication adapter
         let frontend = match FrontendListener::new().await {
             Some(f) => f?,
@@ -97,20 +101,22 @@ impl Server {
 
         // input capture
         let (mut capture_task, capture_channel) = capture_task::new(
+            capture_backend,
             self.clone(),
             sender_tx.clone(),
             timer_tx.clone(),
             self.release_bind.clone(),
-        );
+        )?;
 
         // input emulation
         let (mut emulation_task, emulate_channel) = emulation_task::new(
+            emulation_backend,
             self.clone(),
             receiver_rx,
             sender_tx.clone(),
             capture_channel.clone(),
             timer_tx,
-        );
+        )?;
 
         // create dns resolver
         let resolver = dns::DnsResolver::new().await?;

src/server/capture_task.rs

@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@ use std::{collections::HashSet, net::SocketAddr};
 use tokio::{process::Command, sync::mpsc::Sender, task::JoinHandle};
 
 use crate::{
-    capture::{self, InputCapture},
+    capture::{self, error::CaptureCreationError, InputCapture},
     client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle},
+    config::CaptureBackend,
     event::{Event, KeyboardEvent},
     scancode,
     server::State,
@@ -25,14 +26,15 @@ pub enum CaptureEvent {
 }
 
 pub fn new(
+    backend: Option<CaptureBackend>,
     server: Server,
     sender_tx: Sender<(Event, SocketAddr)>,
     timer_tx: Sender<()>,
     release_bind: Vec<scancode::Linux>,
-) -> (JoinHandle<Result<()>>, Sender<CaptureEvent>) {
+) -> Result<(JoinHandle<Result<()>>, Sender<CaptureEvent>), CaptureCreationError> {
     let (tx, mut rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(32);
     let task = tokio::task::spawn_local(async move {
-        let mut capture = capture::create().await;
+        let mut capture = capture::create(backend).await?;
         let mut pressed_keys = HashSet::new();
         loop {
             tokio::select! {
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn new(
         }
         anyhow::Ok(())
     });
-    (task, tx)
+    Ok((task, tx))
 }
 
 fn update_pressed_keys(pressed_keys: &mut HashSet<scancode::Linux>, key: u32, state: u8) {

src/server/emulation_task.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ use tokio::{
 
 use crate::{
     client::{ClientEvent, ClientHandle},
-    emulate::{self, InputEmulation},
+    config::EmulationBackend,
+    emulate::{self, error::EmulationCreationError, InputEmulation},
     event::{Event, KeyboardEvent},
     scancode,
     server::State,
@@ -27,15 +28,16 @@ pub enum EmulationEvent {
 }
 
 pub fn new(
+    backend: Option<EmulationBackend>,
     server: Server,
     mut udp_rx: Receiver<Result<(Event, SocketAddr)>>,
     sender_tx: Sender<(Event, SocketAddr)>,
     capture_tx: Sender<CaptureEvent>,
     timer_tx: Sender<()>,
-) -> (JoinHandle<Result<()>>, Sender<EmulationEvent>) {
+) -> Result<(JoinHandle<Result<()>>, Sender<EmulationEvent>), EmulationCreationError> {
     let (tx, mut rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(32);
     let emulate_task = tokio::task::spawn_local(async move {
-        let mut emulate = emulate::create().await;
+        let mut emulate = emulate::create(backend).await?;
         let mut last_ignored = None;
 
         loop {
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn new(
         emulate.destroy().await;
         anyhow::Ok(())
     });
-    (emulate_task, tx)
+    Ok((emulate_task, tx))
 }
 
 async fn handle_udp_rx(

src/server/frontend_task.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ async fn handle_frontend_event(
     log::debug!("frontend: {event:?}");
     match event {
         FrontendRequest::Create => {
-            add_client(server, frontend).await;
+            let handle = add_client(server, frontend).await;
+            resolve_dns(server, resolve_tx, handle).await;
         }
         FrontendRequest::Activate(handle, active) => {
             if active {
@@ -140,10 +141,12 @@ async fn handle_frontend_event(
             return true;
         }
         FrontendRequest::UpdateFixIps(handle, fix_ips) => {
-            update_fix_ips(server, resolve_tx, handle, fix_ips).await;
+            update_fix_ips(server, handle, fix_ips).await;
+            resolve_dns(server, resolve_tx, handle).await;
         }
         FrontendRequest::UpdateHostname(handle, hostname) => {
             update_hostname(server, resolve_tx, handle, hostname).await;
+            resolve_dns(server, resolve_tx, handle).await;
         }
         FrontendRequest::UpdatePort(handle, port) => {
             update_port(server, handle, port).await;
@@ -152,31 +155,41 @@ async fn handle_frontend_event(
             update_pos(server, handle, capture, emulate, pos).await;
         }
         FrontendRequest::ResolveDns(handle) => {
-            let hostname = server
+            resolve_dns(server, resolve_tx, handle).await;
-                .client_manager
-                .borrow()
-                .get(handle)
-                .and_then(|(c, _)| c.hostname.clone());
-            if let Some(hostname) = hostname {
-                let _ = resolve_tx.send(DnsRequest { hostname, handle }).await;
-            }
         }
     };
     false
 }
 
+async fn resolve_dns(server: &Server, resolve_tx: &Sender<DnsRequest>, handle: ClientHandle) {
+    let hostname = server
+        .client_manager
+        .borrow()
+        .get(handle)
+        .and_then(|(c, _)| c.hostname.clone());
+    if let Some(hostname) = hostname {
+        let _ = resolve_tx
+            .send(DnsRequest {
+                hostname: hostname.clone(),
+                handle,
+            })
+            .await;
+    }
+}
+
 async fn broadcast(frontend: &mut FrontendListener, event: FrontendEvent) {
     if let Err(e) = frontend.broadcast_event(event).await {
         log::error!("error notifying frontend: {e}");
     }
 }
 
-pub async fn add_client(server: &Server, frontend: &mut FrontendListener) {
+pub async fn add_client(server: &Server, frontend: &mut FrontendListener) -> ClientHandle {
     let handle = server.client_manager.borrow_mut().add_client();
     log::info!("added client {handle}");
 
     let (c, s) = server.client_manager.borrow().get(handle).unwrap().clone();
     broadcast(frontend, FrontendEvent::Created(handle, c, s)).await;
+    handle
 }
 
 pub async fn deactivate_client(
@@ -251,25 +264,13 @@ pub async fn remove_client(
     }
 }
 
-async fn update_fix_ips(
+async fn update_fix_ips(server: &Server, handle: ClientHandle, fix_ips: Vec<IpAddr>) {
-    server: &Server,
+    let mut client_manager = server.client_manager.borrow_mut();
-    resolve_tx: &Sender<DnsRequest>,
+    let Some((c, _)) = client_manager.get_mut(handle) else {
-    handle: ClientHandle,
+        return;
-    fix_ips: Vec<IpAddr>,
-) {
-    let hostname = {
-        let mut client_manager = server.client_manager.borrow_mut();
-        let Some((c, _)) = client_manager.get_mut(handle) else {
-            return;
-        };
-
-        c.fix_ips = fix_ips;
-        c.hostname.clone()
     };
 
-    if let Some(hostname) = hostname {
+    c.fix_ips = fix_ips;
-        let _ = resolve_tx.send(DnsRequest { hostname, handle }).await;
-    }
 }
 
 async fn update_hostname(